鲜切苹果自发气调包装研究

以低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯膜为包装材料,研究其对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果。结果表明:3种保鲜膜包装均能不同程度地抑制鲜切苹果呼吸强度,推迟呼吸高峰期到来,减少营养物质消耗,0.04mmLDPE保鲜膜较适合于鲜切苹果的自发气调包装。     

温度对南方水蜜桃贮藏生理及货架期品质的影响

 【目的】研究不同温度贮藏模式对南方‘湖景蜜露’水蜜桃贮藏生理及货架期品质的影响，探索适宜的贮藏温度，为南方软质型水蜜桃贮藏技术的发展与应用提供理论指导。【方法】设置不同贮藏温度25℃、5℃、2℃和0℃，测定桃果实贮藏期间的呼吸强度、相对电导率、丙二醛（MDA）、硬度、可溶性固形物（TSS）、总酸以及Vc等各项生理生化指标。【结果】0℃贮藏与25℃、5℃和2℃相比，能较好保持‘湖景蜜露’桃果实整个贮藏期间TSS和TA的含量，显著降低果肉硬度的下降，明显抑制果实贮藏过程中呼吸强度的增加，推迟呼吸峰出现的时间，延缓桃果实膜脂过氧化的发生，果肉未出现糠化等冷害症状，表现出较好的贮藏效果。同时经0℃贮藏28 d出库后，桃果实在常温3 d的货架期内，果肉可以正常软化，食用品质未发生明显劣变。【结论】南方软质型水蜜桃较适宜的贮藏条件为0℃贮藏28 d，出库后放置在20℃条件下货架期约为3d。     

酒香色拉菌群分析与控制研究

[目的]调查酒香色拉制作与冷藏过程中微生物污染与卫生质量变化情况,为餐饮业实施该类食品的HACCP管理体系、确保饮食安全提供参考依据。[方法]参照文献并经试制拟定酒香色拉基础配方,对制作酒香色拉的各类主要原料及成品按国家标准方法进行细菌菌落总数检测;对主要原料进行烫洗或杀菌剂处理、对基础配方成品调整调味品用量、对成品进行冷休克处理等,统计减菌率,确定改进配方;对色拉进行4℃冷藏,观察假单胞菌、肠杆菌、球菌、乳酸菌等菌群的变化,结合产品的感官品质变化,拟定产品保质期。[结果]酒香色拉基础配方制品菌落总数几何均数为1.3×104cfu/g,其中71.3%来自芹菜,来自苹果和生梨的分别占11.0%和10.3%,来自其余原料的均占较小比例。在不改变口感的前提下,芹菜烫洗10 min,增加5倍量芥末,冷休克处理的新配方可减菌80%,同比4℃冷藏的保质期可由2 d延长至3 d。[结论]厨房制作的酒香色拉受微生物污染极为严重,主要来自芹菜等各类原料,通过烫洗主要原料、增加芥末使用量,成品冷休克处理及冷藏,避免二次污染,可有效控制其细菌数,延长保质期,降低食物中毒风险,对餐饮业该类食品的安全经营具有指导意义。     

Improvement of quality and shelf-life of strawberries with edible coatings enriched with chitosan

Strawberry fruit have a very short shelf-life and senescent period due to their high degree of perishability and infection caused by several pathogens that can rapidly reduce fruit quality. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and composites with chitosan (CH) coatings on the shelf-life and overall quality of strawberry fruit. Strawberry fruit dipped for 2 min in solutions of CMC (1%), HPMC (1%), CMC (1%) + CH (1%) and HPMC (1%) + CH (1%) were stored at 11 ± 1 °C, 70–75% RH, while the uncoated fruit served as controls. Fruit coated with edible coatings showed significant delays in the change of weight loss, decay percentage, titratable acidity (TA), pH, total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid content as compared to uncoated control fruit. In addition, the edible coatings had a positive effect on maintaining higher concentrations of total phenolics and total anthocyanins, which decreased in control fruit due to over-ripening and senescence processes. Compared to the controls, all the coatings had positive effects on the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes and among all the tested coatings, CMC + CH and HPMC + CH was superior in inhibiting enzyme activity. These findings suggest that the use of CMC 1% + CH 1% and HPMC 1% + CH 1% coatings are useful for extending the shelf-life and maintaing quality of strawberry fruit.     

A new descriptive method for fruit firmness changes with various softening patterns of kiwifruit

We have proposed a new interpretation of fruit softening. This was accomplished by generating a hypothesis that probabilities of decay of fruit structure obey the Weibull probabilistic model that has been used in the field of reliability engineering. The elasticity of individual kiwifruit after harvest was continually and nondestructively measured until decomposition by using a laser Doppler vibrometer. The obtained decreasing pattern of elasticity of individual fruit was complex, diverse, and inhomogeneous. Nonetheless, it was satisfactorily explained by a tandem combination of 2 Weibull models involving 4 types of parameters: “shape” related to probability; “scale,” to velocity of decay; “location,” to time lag; and “mixing ratio,” to contribution of the 2 models. Averages of location, shape, and mixing ratio parameters obtained by the measurement of 33 fruit were significantly different between the 2 models, but the scale parameter was not. The results suggested that the complex softening patterns of individual kiwifruit could be described using the tandem model of Weibull distribution, and that the softening process of kiwifruit consisted of at least 2 independent decay phases that are characterized by 2 of 5 parameters: location and mixing ratio. Commencement of the first decay phase could be caused by ethylene treatment after harvest, and the second one spontaneously triggered after a certain time lag.     

黄瓜在贮藏期间生理生化特性变化分析

为了探讨不同耐贮性黄瓜在室温贮藏条件下各项指标的变化特点,以耐贮黄瓜品种宁运3号和不耐贮黄瓜品种南抗1号为试验材料,于采后3、5、7、10、13 d,分别对其果实硬度、失重率、皮色指数、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和呼吸速率等指标进行了测定。结果发现,从采后3 d至采后13 d:(1)宁运3号果实硬度仅下降了15.73%,南抗1号降幅达32.74%;(2)宁运3号失重率增加到2.49%,而南抗1号增加至6.17%;(3)宁运3号MDA含量提高了80.15%,南抗1号提高了102.88%;(4)贮藏1周后,宁运3号的SOD活性仍比南抗1号高出84.20%,而呼吸速率却低38.29%。随着贮藏时间的延长,大部分生理生化指标两者间差异显著。     

1-MCP处理对不同预熟南果梨贮后生理及货架品质的影响

［目的］ 研究1-MCP处理对贮前不同预熟度南果梨贮后生理及货架品质变化规律的影响。 ［方法］以南果梨为试材,采收后用10 μl/L 1-MCP在室温（20～25 ℃）下处理18 h,将经1-MCP处理过的果实贮前分别进行0、5、10 d的预熟处理,研究1-MCP处理对冷藏后货架期间的不同预熟度南果梨生理和贮藏品质变化规律的影响。［结果］ 1-MCP处理显著地降低了南果梨果实呼吸强度与内源乙烯生成量,抑制果实硬度的下降,延缓了果皮转色,有利于果柄保鲜,抵制果实腐烂率、果心褐变的发生, 还明显地延长果实贮后货架期。1-MCP处理对贮前预熟5 d处理的果实各项指标均好于预熟10 d处理的果实。［结论］ 采用1-MCP处理南果梨果实,贮前预熟5 d的果实适于长期贮藏;贮前预熟10 d的果实适宜中短期贮藏。     

Survey of Fura production in some northern states of Nigeria

The objective of research was to conduct a survey related to the production process for fura. Fura is a staple food for the Fulanis and Hausas. The single most important cereal grain for fura production is millet. A significant difference exists among respondents on the variety of millet chosen for fura production. A significantly greater proportion (p=0.05) indicated that `gero' is the variety in common use. Spices are indispensable as an ingredient in fura production with ginger being the single most important spice (p=0.01). The traditional pounding method for processing millet into flour is still very much used. The implication of this is highlighted and a possible solution of optimizing fura production process is recommended. Strictly speaking, fura is distributed with a minimum of packaging. The choice of suitable package provided protection during a generally short shelf-life and for local distribution. With increasing influence of advertising upon customers, small food processing enterprises making fura will have to improve the packaging and preservation of their products if they are to survive the competition.     

辽宁‘寒富’苹果贮藏后货架期品质变化

该文探讨了辽宁省‘寒富’苹果出库后果实品质的变化。结果表明,贮藏6个月后,常温下,不同产地‘寒富’苹果最佳货架期至少6～9 d,果实平均硬度6.00 kg/cm^2以上,果肉较脆、果汁较多、酸甜适口,时间再长果实便发绵,出库后务必及早销售。可溶性固形物含量在出库后12 d内变化不大,以康平、清河、苏家屯的含量最高,超过12%;庄河、东港最低,为10.4%、10.6%;其他居中。可滴定酸的变化也不大,似有降低的趋势;康平、苏家屯、清河、辽中、义县在0.3%以上、0.4%以下,表现适宜;其他为0.4%以上(含0.4%),有的接近0.5%。     

高氧处理对冬枣货架期间膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性的影响

 研究了在- 1～ - 2℃条件下冬枣果实经流动的21% O₂ (空气对照) 、70% O₂ ( 30%N₂ ) 、100% O₂ 分别处理7 d和15 d, 在20℃货架期期间测定果实相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA) 含量以及保护酶系( SOD、CAT、POD) 活性的变化。结果表明, 高O₂ 处理可抑制冬枣货架期相对电导率的升高, 100%O₂ 处理效果好于70% O₂ 处理。70% O₂ 处理7 d对冬枣货架期期间的膜脂过氧化作用没有显著影响, 但诱导了SOD、CAT和POD活性的升高, 促进冬枣果实在货架期衰老。100% O₂ 处理能抑制冬枣果实货架期膜脂过氧化作用, 在货架期期间保持较稳定的SOD和CAT活性, 但对POD 活性的升高有促进作用。总体来看, 100% O₂ 处理15 d对减缓冬枣货架期的衰老代谢有较好效果。