稀释液渗透压对绵羊精液冷冻效果的影响

本试验对绵羊冻精采用两次稀释时,从调整Ⅱ液中葡萄糖含量和降低甘油浓度两方面,改变稀释液的渗透压,测定冻精效果。先增减糖的比例,配制9-2(对照), 84-1和84-2等试验组,其稀释Ⅱ液渗透压1191,1026、1499mmol/kg,获冻精情期产羔母羊率61.69, 63.31, 54.55(P<0.05)。随后, 以84-1为对照,降低甘油浓度,设3个试验组,即87-2,88-1和88-1a,渗透压相应为747,456,463mmol/kg,冻精情期受胎率1987年84-1,87-2为65.37,67.37;1988年87-2,88-1,88-1a为63.16,62.50,46.55(P<0.05)。试验说明,绵羊冻精采取2次稀释法,第Ⅱ液以4％甘油,渗透压为747mmol/kg时,冻精效果最佳。     

浅谈猪精液保存在人工授精中的发展与展望

在世界上主要的猪肉生产国中,猪人工授精(AI)技术的应用率在90%以上。尽管猪冷冻精液技术在不断进步,但由于其效率不高,在猪场实际生产中并不多见使用。在猪人工授精技术中,液态精液是目前应用最广泛的精液,与传统的牛冷冻精液不同,其独特的精子微胶囊保护膜技术,可以对猪精子进行更加完善的液态保存,因此液态精液是目前猪人工授精使用的主要方式。文章综述了猪精液保存技术在人工授精中的应用,并展望了今后的发展方向,为人工授精技术助力恢复生猪生产提供参考。     

早胜牛的采精及细管冻精制作技术要点

近年来，伴随我国畜牧业蓬勃发展的同时，为了更大限度的提高母畜的受胎率和充分利用优秀种畜的基因，人工授精技术得到了不断完善和发展，并在全国各地广泛推广和应用。本文结合实践经验总结出的一些技术措施，阐述了对早胜牛这一地方优良种质资源进行保种和开发利用的重要意义，同时指出人工授精技术和低温冷冻保存精液技术在早胜牛上的实践，对于进一步开发利用培育优质高产肉牛新品种，促进肉牛产业高质量发展具有非常重要的现实意义。通过早胜牛种公牛采精的全过程以及细管冻精制作要点的详细讲解，低温冷冻保存精液技术，可更经济、可靠地实现家畜品种资源的保护，让优良基因长时间保存使得后续研究需要得到保障。     

Quality of Fresh,Cooled, and Frozen Semen From Stallions Supplemented with Antioxidants and Fatty Acids

This study assessed the effect of oral supplementation with the primary antioxidants and fatty acids involved in spermatogenesis (L-carnitine, selenium, vitamin E, omega-3, and omega-6) on the seminal quality in fresh, cooled, and frozen semen of stallions (n = 8), using a randomized design. The animals were divided into Group I (n = 4) and Group II (n = 4) for a 30-week experiment. The two groups alternated between nutraceutical supplementation and a placebo over the course of the experiment. Semen collections were performed in two sets: once in the middle of the experiment, before the two groups switched treatments, and once at the end. The volume, appearance, sperm concentration, spermatozoa kinetics, and membrane integrity of fresh semen were evaluated. The spermatozoa kinetics and membrane integrity of cooled (for 24, 36, and 48 hours) and frozen semen were also evaluated. No differences were observed in volume, appearance, and sperm concentration between treatment and control. However, compared with placebo, nutraceutical supplementation increased (P < .05) total motility, trajectory speed, as well as plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity in spermatozoa from fresh semen. In cooled semen, nutraceutical treatment also increased (P < .05) total motility, speed, and membrane integrity of spermatozoa compared with the control. In frozen semen, supplementation increased (P < .05) spermatozoa progressive motility and plasma membrane integrity. Our results suggest a positive, synergistic effect of the antioxidant L-carnitine and selenium on spermatozoa kinetics. Similarly, the increase in plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity could be attributed to higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (a key cell-membrane component), combined with the prevention of excess lipid peroxidation by antioxidants. In conclusion, supplementation with nutraceuticals containing fatty acids and antioxidants improved the quality of fresh, cooled, and frozen stallion semen. Therefore, nutraceutical use should increase the success of artificial insemination with cooled and cryopreserved semen.     

鸡精液低温(5℃)和冷冻(-196℃)保存及其与受精率的关系

南农大鸡精液稀释液(NAUE)比美国贝尔滋维尔家禽精液稀释液(BPSE)和日本新泻大学家禽稀释液(ND-3)有更好的低温保存效果。低温保存9,56和114小时的受精率分别为88.9％,56.3％和29.4％。在冷冻解冻过程中,9％甘油较4％二甲基亚矾(DMSO)对精子活力有良好的保护效果,但新鲜的精液用甘油平衡120分钟后输精,却表现抗受精作用。用最终浓度4％DMSO的冷冻精液输精,获得42.9％的受精率。甘油处理的精子在平衡120分钟后,并不引起精子释放谷草转氨酶(GOT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),但随着冷冻解冻过程其释放量显著增加(P<0.01)。甘油或DMSO处理后的畸形精子主要表现为颈部弯曲。甘油处理的精子,解冻后有中段膨大和线粒体鞘裸露的现象,但顶体及核膜无明显的变化。     

丙酮酸盐对牛精液冷冻效果的影响

在常用的果糖-柠檬酸钠-卵黄-甘油液的基础上,分别添加1.25 mmol/L或2.00mmol/L的丙酮酸钾、丙酮酸钠或丙酮酸钙,以观察丙酮酸盐在牛精液冷冻中的应用效果。冷冻前各组稀释液隔15min分2次加入,之后平衡4h。结果表明,各组精子的冻后活力、复苏率、畸形率和顶体完整率之间没有显著差异,但6个试验组的冻后活力、复苏率和对照组相比有提高趋势。     

人参对梅花鹿精液品质及产仔率的影响

为了考察人参对梅花鹿精液品质及产仔率的影响,将繁殖准备期的健康雄性梅花鹿32头随机分为4个处理(T1～T4),每个处理8头,T1～T4为基础精料中分别添加人参0、0.4、0.8、1.6 g/kg。结果表明:日粮中添加人参,显著提高了梅花鹿的采精液量、精子活力、精子抗力、精子密度、精子存活时间、精子存活指数(P<0.05);显著降低了精子畸形率(P<0.05);对精液pH值的影响没有显著差异(P>0.05);提高了采精成功率和产仔率;精液云雾状T3处理组最明显,精液色泽均为乳白色。梅花鹿精料中添加人参0.8 g/kg时,对提高梅花鹿精液品质和产仔率效果最好,有利于鹿的繁育。     

白芥子豁痰治肿瘤的应用规律探析

基于白芥子畅达三焦化皮里膜外之痰,探讨白芥子"豁痰"功效在肿瘤疾病中的应用规律。皮里膜外为三焦组成部分,白芥子辛温利气豁痰,可畅通三焦水道,消结散滞。内服治疗肿瘤可温通豁痰消结节,畅达三焦化胸水,寓补于消安五脏;外敷可透皮散肿毒。参透其理,可更深入掌握白芥子"豁痰"治肿瘤的应用规律。     

国家奶牛良种补贴项目在泾阳县实施的成效与启示

为今后奶牛改良工作成果的巩固和推广提供依据,对国家奶牛良种补贴项目在泾阳实施的效果与措施进行总结.结果表明:累计使用良种冷冻精液细管23.7万支,生产改良奶牛3.15万头,且已有1.1万头的优质母牛已正式进入产奶阶段.良种补贴后代奶牛的头胎日产奶量达到27 kg左右,比同期母亲日产奶量高2 kg～3 kg;生奶平均乳...     

保持公羊精液卫生无菌的措施

公羊包皮、四肢被毛、母台羊、采精及精液处理环境条件、饲养条件、人员操作、精液稀释液等十大因素可能是造成精液污染的主要因素。因此,必须从上述各方面采取技术措施保持精液卫生无菌。