家蚕质型多角体病毒苏州核包涵体小种的纯化

从BmCPV_t内发现和分离出一株新的核包涵体小种,初步命名为家蚕质型多角体病毒—苏州核包涵体小种(Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus——Suzhou nuclear polyhedra forming strain,简称CPV——Suzhou N strain),家蚕感梁CPV——Suzhou N Strain引起的多角体病,与国内外已知的CPV各变异株不同。本病蚕的多角体只在中肠组织圆筒形细胞核内检出,多角体内有许多病毒粒子,病毒粒子球状,具有核蛋白紫外吸收特征性光谱和较强的感染活性,病毒核酸初步鉴定为dsRNA。     

酥梨采后灰霉病生防菌株的鉴定及抑菌作用

以微生物拮抗病原菌是防治病害安全高效的可行手段。通过对果实表面微生物进行筛选鉴定,以期得到一株可以有效抑制灰霉病的生物防治菌株。对拮抗菌株H-1进行形态学特征、生理生化特性分析,结合16S rDNA序列分析和gyrB 基因序列分析构建系统发育树;采用平板对峙法结合果实伤口试验考察拮抗菌H-1在体外及梨果表面的抑菌作用。结果表明：经鉴定H-I菌株为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）;B. velezensis H-1在体外条件下可显著抑制灰葡萄孢霉（Botrytis cinerea）、细极链格孢（Alternaria tenuissima）和串珠镰孢菌（Fusarium verticillioides）的菌丝生长,其中对灰葡萄孢霉菌丝的抑制作用最强;果实伤口试验表明,1×1011 CFU/mL的B. velezensis H-1可完全抑制梨果表面灰霉菌生长。由此可见,B. velezensis H-1可以有效抑制梨果采后灰霉病的发生。     

25％啶菌噁唑乳油防治番茄灰霉病药效试验

田间试验表明25%啶菌唑乳油对番茄灰霉病有良好的防治效果,53.3～106.7mL/667m23次药后防效79%以上。     

Further suppression of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis> disease in cucumber seedlings by chitosan-copper complex as compared with chitosan alone

Chitosan-copper complex compared with chitosan alone enhanced suppression ofBotrytis cinerea rot development on four-true-leaf cucumber seedlings in controlled growth chambers. This paper constitutes the first report of such enhancement. The optimal concentrations for the most effective suppression ofBotrytis development were 0.2 gl ⁻¹ chitosan and 1.6 mmole copper. After 12 days’ incubation, marked and significantly better disease suppression was obtained with chitosan-copper complex (75% suppression) than with chitosan alone. The chitosan-copper complex could be a very promising decay control agent for use in both conventional and organic agriculture. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 18, 2002.     

Expression of the tobacco β-1,3-glucanase gene, PR-2d, following induction of SAR with Peronospora tabacina

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced following inoculation of Peronospora tabacina sporangia into the stems of Nicotiana tabacum plants highly susceptible to the pathogen. Previous results have shown that accumulation of acidic β-1,3-glucanases (PR-2's) following induction of SAR by P. tabacina may contribute to resistance to P. tabacina. We showed that up-regulation of the PR-2 gene, PR-2d, following stem inoculation with P. tabacina, is associated with SAR. Studies using plants transformed with GUS constructs containing the full length promoter from PR-2d or promoter deletions, provided evidence that a previously characterized regulatory element that is involved in response to salicylic acid (SA), may be involved in regulation of PR-2d following induction of SAR with P. tabacina. This work provides evidence that regulation of PR-2 genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR may be similar to regulation of these genes during infection of N-gene tobacco by TMV or following exogenous application of SA, and provides further support for the role of SA in regulation of genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR.     

Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicoides is Dominant in Hybrids with Tomato, and Involves induced Hyphal Death

Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold disease and affects hundreds of plant species, including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The wild nightshade, Solanum lycopersicoides, is cross compatible with tomato and is more resistant to B. cinerea, thus representing a potential source for crop improvement. Tests involving droplet inoculation of detached leaves and spray inoculation of entire seedlings demonstrated that resistance to B. cinerea varies among S. lycopersicoides accessions, with S. lycopersicoides LA2951 being the most resistant accession tested. Expression of resistance in the intergeneric hybrid (L. esculentum cv. 'VF36' × S. lycopersicoides LA2951) suggested that resistance is at least partially dominant in tomato. A green fluorescent protein-tagged B. cinerea strain was used for confocal microscopic comparison of infection in leaves of S. lycopersicoides and tomato. Even though S. lycopersicoides supported spore germination, there was evidence for hyphal lysis and death 3 days after inoculation, at a time when lesions were expanding on susceptible tomato plants. The reduced frequency of B. cinerea lesion spread on S. lycopersicoides explains why this fungus produced fewer spores in this wild nightshade than in tomato.     

温湿度调控对番茄灰霉病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的影响

 番茄灰霉病菌在致病过程中能够产生4种细胞壁降解酶,以PMG酶活性最高,其次是β-葡萄糖苷酶和PG酶,Cx最少。灰霉病菌在不同温度下侵染番茄叶片时产生的致病酶活性不同,4种酶在20℃时表现了最高的活性,15℃次之,当温度达到25℃时,各种酶的活性都急剧下降,随着温度的再升高,酶活更低。随着湿度的增高,病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性也增加,当相对湿度达到90%以上时,4种酶的活性也达到最高。温湿度对番茄灰霉病菌产生细胞壁降解酶的影响趋势,与其对发病的影响趋势是一致的。     

枣果贮藏期红粉病菌鉴定及环境因子对其分生孢子萌发的影响

 在山西省临县、太谷县发现枣贮藏期红粉病,发病初期果实表面出现圆形或椭圆形的白色絮状霉点,后期形成较厚粉状霉层。从病样中分离获得2株代表性菌株,通过病原菌分离培养、致病性测定、形态学特征及ITS序列特征分析,确定引起枣贮藏期红粉病的致病菌为粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)。适合该病菌分生孢子萌发的温度为20℃~25℃,相对湿度为大于75%,pH=4~10,致死温度为48℃、处理10 min。适宜芽管生长的温度为20℃~25℃,相对湿度为大于75%,最适pH=6。本研究结果可为枣贮藏期红粉病的诊断和防治措施的制定提供理论依据。     

枯草芽胞杆菌HMB19198在番茄叶片上定殖能力的分子检测

枯草芽胞杆菌HMB19198能有效防治番茄灰霉病,为快速、准确检测HMB19198在叶面的定殖能力,本研究通过对HMB19198全基因组序列比对分析,获得该菌株102 bp功能未知的独有基因序列,设计出针对HMB19198的特异性引物和探针。荧光定量PCR结果表明,该引物和探针对HMB19198具有较高的特异性,在有番茄叶片DNA干扰下,体系检测阈值为10²拷贝/μL。利用荧光定量PCR技术和菌落计数法检测了HMB19198在叶片上定殖动态。叶片喷施1×10⁸ cfu/mL的菌体悬浮液,0 d后菌体数量分别为1.7×10⁸拷贝/g叶片和8.9×10⁷ cfu/g叶片,2、4、6和8 d后菌株HMB19198在叶面的定殖数量逐渐降低,8 d后定殖数量分别为1.0×10⁷拷贝/g叶片和1.2×10⁷cfu/g叶片。防效试验结果表明,喷施菌株HMB19198悬浮液2 d后防效在80%以上,8 d后防效降为37.9%。     

深绿木霉蛋白质TraT2A诱导兰州百合抗灰霉病的作用

采用生长速率法和活体试验法分别测定了深绿木霉Trichoderma atroviride蛋白质Tra T2A对兰州百合灰霉菌的抑制作用和诱导抗病效果及持效期。结果表明TraT2A高浓度(5×液)具有较高的抑制作用,抑制率为47.44%,低浓度(100×液)具有较高的诱导抗病作用,其诱导效果可达55.89%;TraT2A 100×液处理兰州百合植株3 d后挑战接种灰霉菌,分别于0、1、3和5 d对兰州百合叶片中的PAL、PPO、POD和SOD酶活性及丙二醛、叶绿素含量变化进行了测定。发现TraT2A诱导处理后可提高百合叶片中与抗病性相关的防御酶PAL、PPO、POD、SOD活性和叶绿素含量,降低丙二醛的含量;在接种后1、3和5 d时,4种酶活性和叶绿素含量显著高于对照,丙二醛含量则低于对照,4种酶活性在第5 d时均达到最大值,PAL、PPO、POD和SOD分别是对照的1.47、2.28、1.36和1.49倍;在接种后1、3和5 d时,叶绿素含量分别比对照高10.13、12.05和6.05 mg/g;丙二醛含量仅为对照的0.68、0.40和0.51倍;TraT2A防治百合灰霉病的持效期为7 d,高于阿泰灵和速克灵的持效期。