高效液相色谱法测定海洋生物中牛磺酸的含量

[目的]建立牛磺酸的高效液相色谱分析方法,并通过该方法测定不同海洋生物中牛磺酸的含量。[方法]应用邻苯二甲醛(OPA)柱前衍生法,研究流动相比例、流速、衍生剂比例、衍生时间等因素对牛磺酸检测的影响。[结果]当牛磺酸∶OPA=1∶2,衍生时间2 min,流动相乙腈∶水=15∶85,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为360 nm时,牛磺酸浓度为10~400μg/mL时具有良好的线性关系(R~20.99),平行样品的相对标准偏差为2.9%~7.4%。利用该方法检测不同海产品中牛磺酸的含量,所选择的海洋贝类、甲壳类、鱼类中均含有牛磺酸,其中海瓜子中含量最高,达11.2 mg/g。不同组织比较,鱼肉中牛磺酸含量较高,而鳃中较低。[结论]该研究结果丰富了海洋生物中牛磺酸含量的数据,为进一步研究牛磺酸在不同组织中的合成机制提供了参考。     

鱿鱼风味料的制备工艺研究

[目的]填补鱿鱼风味料的市场空白。[方法]根据味料同源原理,以酶解度、感官评定为指标,对鱿鱼酶解工艺进行优化。通过单因素试验,筛选出酶解效果较好的碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶,并进行复合酶解正交试验。[结果]鱿鱼原料酶解的最佳反应条件为温度50℃,p H 6.0,时间6 h,加酶量0.2%,其中碱性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶的比例为2∶1。此条件下酶解液酶解度为30.40%,感官评定无苦味,鱿鱼风味浓。[结论]该试验优化的工艺条件下可制得健康安全的海鲜调味品,为鱿鱼风味料的开发奠定了基础。     

水产品安全政府规制中存在的问题及对策研究

介绍了水产品安全政府规制的概况，分析了加强水产品安全政府规制的必然性与存在的问题，提出了应对措施。     

An impediment to consumer choice: Overfished species are sold as Pacific red snapper

Concern over the collapse of many wild-caught fisheries has led to a recent focus on seafood-certification and consumer-driven support of sustainable seafood. However, such conservation strategies depend critically on the accurate labeling of seafood species in marketplaces. Pacific rockfish, a group of >60 species in the genus Sebastes, are often marketed as Pacific red snapper, but little is known about the number and identity of rockfish species sold under this name. We used a molecular approach to identify species sold as Pacific red snapper by grocery chains, local fish markets, and sushi restaurants in California and Washington. Using genetic data from two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome-b and control region), we identified seven species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.), tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), and one true red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in our samples. Among samples identified as rockfish, 56% were identified as species listed as overfished by the National Marine Fisheries Service within the past three years. By effectively permitting all species of rockfish to be sold under a common vernacular name, state and federal agencies compromise the ability of consumers to make informed choices when buying seafood.     

微波消解一氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定粤东地区海产品中砷的研究

[目的]建立一种测定海产品中微量砷的有效方法。[方法]采用微波消解一氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定了粤东地区海产品中砷的含量。[结果]砷在1．0-50．0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0．995,方法的检出限为0．02107μg/L,相对标准偏差为0．932％。部分海产品的含砷量超过国家标准,其超标原因可能与沿海地区的工业污染有关。[结论]该方法试剂用量少、污染小、简便、快速、准确,适于各类海产品中砷含量的检测。     

By-Products and Seafood Production in Japan

Japanese output of fishery products in 1993 amounted to 8.7 million metric tons valued at 2.5 trillion yen, and has gradually decreased for the last five years. Annual imported fishery products in that year amounted to 3.1 million metric tons (1.6 trillion yen). Prawn, tuna, salmon, mackerel and cod were the most prominent fishes imported mainly from the US, Taiwan and Republic of China. These accounted for 40% of total imports. A Japanese self-supplying rate for fishery products was about 64% in 1993. Under these severe conditions surrounding the fisheries of Japan, the Government operates several projects to develop increased utilization of initialized aquatic natural resources and to increase the value of marine products. These include better utilization for human consumption of initialized flying squid, headlight fish and low-quality spawned salmon; development of a large-scale extraction and purification technology for docosahexaenoic acid from marine products; and development of novel seafood by using high hydrostatic pressure technology. For the topics of by-products from aquatic resources, products from chitin and chitosan, fish oils, both for medical and food uses, liquid crystal, protamines from fish testicles for antibacterial for foods, growth hormones for fish farming, and several pharmaceutical compounds from marine organisms are introduced.     

水产品中红霉素残留分析的现状

介绍了红霉素的特性、水产品中红霉素残留对人体所产生的副作用以及目前国内外主要的分析检测方法和技术,包括微生物法、薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法以及色／质联用法。同时,对水产品中红霉素残留分析的前景进行了展望。     

催化动力学电位法测定海产品中微量碘

[目的]建立一种测定海产品中微量碘的催化动力学电位法。[方法]采用单因素试验考察了催化动力学电位法测定海产品中微量碘的影响因素,并测定了海带（Laminaria japonica）、紫菜（Porphyra teneraKjellman）和海虾中碘的含量。[结果]建立的催化动力学电位法测定碘含量的线性范围为8-28 ng/ml,方法的检出限为5.2 ng/ml,回收率大于97.0%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于1.1%,方法准确可靠。采用该法测定的海带、紫菜和海虾中碘的含量分别为31.98、27.38、18.40μg/g,RSD分别为1.48%、0.70%、1.61%。[结论]该研究建立的方法不需要避光,操作简单,温度控制方便,用于海产品中微量碘的测定结果令人满意。     

海产品冷链物流一体化模式研究——以广西北部湾海产品为例

以广西北部湾为例,建立海产品冷链物流一体化模式,并从信息技术、管理技术等几个方面来分析建立广西北部湾海产品冷链物流一体化的实现基础。最后,为广西北部湾海产品冷链物流现行发展提出了相应的建议,指明其发展方向。     

1999-2000年福建省水产品进出口贸易实证分析

我国加入世界贸易组织在即,水产品贸易和流通将成为我国水产经济的主要研究领域,对渔业经济和管理将会产生一定的影响。本文分析了福建省1999-2000年不同水产品的贸易特征、与主要贸易国的贸易量、比较分析了不同进出口水产品的平均价格,得到了有一定参考价值的数据和资料。