水牛SND1基因克隆及生物信息学分析

试验旨在利用电子克隆法对水牛SND1（staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1）基因进行克隆和序列分析，为探究该基因对水牛泌乳性能的作用机制奠定基础。以奶牛SND1基因（GenBank登录号：NM_205784.1）作为种子序列，利用Primer Premier 5.0设计3对引物，以水牛基因组DNA为模板，PCR扩增水牛SND1基因mRNA序列，扩增获得序列连接pMD18-T载体，通过测序拼接获得水牛SND1基因mRNA全序列，并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果显示，水牛SND1基因完整编码序列长为3 503 bp，包含长为2 733 bp CDS序列，编码910个氨基酸，蛋白分子式为C₄₅₂₃H₇₁₈₃N₁₂₈₁O₁₃₅₄S₂₆，分子质量为102.01 ku，理论等电点（pI）为6.74，不稳定系数为42.07，平均亲水性为-0.419，属可溶酸性蛋白。二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主，其中α-螺旋占37.80%，无规则卷曲占34.18%。结合Protfun 2.2在线软件对SND1的功能进行预测分析表明，该蛋白在嘌呤和嘧啶、中央中间代谢、能量代谢、氨基酸生物合成发挥功能的可能性分别为0.449、0.401、0.303和0.262。SND1基因编码区序列与黄牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、马、人的同源性分别为98.7%、97.8%、97.8%、93.8%、93.1%和91.7%，物种之间同源性较高，系统进化情况与其亲缘关系远近一致。利用SMART在线软件预测蛋白结构域，结果显示，水牛SND1蛋白包含有4个SN区域，说明SND1基因编码区在进化过程中较为保守。     

Isolation and characterization of the secondary wall-related SND1 gene in hawthorn

Secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 (SND1) is a key regulator directly regulating the expression levels of MYB46 and MYB83 in the regulation network for secondary wall synthesis, especially in plant fibres. In this study, a SND1 gene was isolated from hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) and named as CpSND1 because it has a conservative N-terminal DNA-binding domain with AtSND1. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CpSND1 had similar phenotypes as plants overexpressing AtSND1, including inhibited growth, upward-curling leaves, sepal dysplasia and sterility. In addition, overexpressing CpSND1 in Arabidopsis also induced the expression of downstream genes, including lignin, cellulose and xylan biosynthesis genes as well as MYB genes. Our results provided functional information of CpSND1 for future genetic engineering in hawthorn.     

Plasma amino acid concentrations in 36 dogs with histologically confirmed superficial necrolytic dermatitis

Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in 36 dogs diagnosed with superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND) via skin biopsy. The median age of the dogs was 10 years, and 27 out of 36 (75%) were male. Twenty-two out of 36 (61%) of the dogs were accounted for by six breeds; West Highland white terriers (six), Shetland sheepdogs (five), cocker spaniels (four), Scottish terriers (three), Lhasa apsos (two) and Border collies (two). The mean concentration (+/- standard deviation) was calculated for each measured plasma amino acid and compared to previously documented concentrations of plasma amino acids measured in dogs with acute and chronic hepatitis. The ratio of branched chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids in the dogs with SND was 2.6, slightly lower than that in normal dogs. The mean plasma amino acid concentrations for dogs with SND were significantly lower than for dogs with acute and chronic hepatitis. A metabolic hepatopathy in which there is increased hepatic catabolism of amino acids is hypothesized to explain the hypoaminoacidaemia seen in SND.     

Effect of Dissolved Oxygen and the Distribution of Sludge Particles Diameter on the Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification

In order to discuss the reaueing theory of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), with the sequence batch reactor (SBR), the dissolved oxygen (DO) and the floc size distribution were investigated for sewage wastewater.It is found that the SND can be attained in SBR process by nitrogen mass balance calculation with low DO (mean value 0.5 mg/L 0.8 mg/L).Around 23.11% nitrogen in total nitrogen is removed by SND.The ratio of nitrate formation and ammonia decay is at 0.454 with the DO concentration at 0.5 mg/L.Meanwhile, the velocity of nitrification and denitrification is equal.And the SND couldn’t occur when the ratio of nitrate formation and ammonia decay is equal with DO at 4.296 mg/L.The mean floc size distribution of sludge is at the range of 5.02 μm ~6 μm, that is, the SND is not the results of “micro environment action” when SND occurs.     

SBBR反应器SND脱氮的影响因素分析及响应曲面优化

采用活性炭涂层改性悬浮填料,在连续曝气的条件下,考察了SBBR反应器脱氮性能。结果表明,SBBR反应器表现出良好的同步硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮性能,对NH₃-N和TN的去除率分别为80.7%和63.1%。典型周期内反应器同步硝化反硝化率可达82.7%。单因素试验发现,脱氮率随着曝气时间t的增加而增加,随着溶解氧质量浓度ρ_DO和填料投加量δ增大而先增大后减小。同时,以溶解氧质量浓度、填料投加量和曝气时间为考察因素,脱氮率为评价指标,采用响应曲面法建立了二次多元回归模型。通过模型求解得出最佳工况:溶解氧浓度为2.37 mg/L,填料投加量为40.10%,曝气时间为5.17 h,此时,脱氮率得到最大值为69.28%。验证试验表明,回归模型的预测值与实测值偏差率为1.57%。     

医药化工废水同步硝化反硝化的研究及工程应用

[目的]为同步硝化反硝化技术在工程上应用提供依据。[方法]利用序批式反应器,研究医药化工废水的同步硝化反硝化(SND)生物脱氮工艺,并对SND工程应用进行尝试。[结果]实现SND最佳脱碳、脱氮效果的溶解氧(DO)浓度应控制在1.0~2.0mg/L,最佳进水pH值为7.0~7.5,在该条件下,COD去除率达80%以上,氨氮去除率达80%~82%,总氮去除率达74%~78%。在SND工程应用中,控制DO浓度为1.0~2.0 mg/L、进水pH值为7.0~7.5、水温为28~32℃时,COD、氨氮、总氮去除率分别为78.8%、78.4%和74.5%。水温过高将影响SND脱氮、脱碳的效果,且污泥微生物有一定适应调节能力,总体上COD、氨氮、总氮平均去除率分别为72.1%、66.2%和57.5%。[结论]同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺有广阔的工程应用前景。