早期断奶仔猪的营养及其饲养管理

仔猪早期隔离断奶（SEW）是一项正在广受关注的饲养管理技术。SEW能显著提高仔猪的生产性能和母猪的繁殖性能，但营养和饲养管理夫与SEW要求相配套，就很强能引起常见的仔猪“早期断奶综合症”，本文从营养和饲养管理角度就如何消除或减轻断奶综合症作了一综述，目的是为了饲养者提供一种的饲养管理方式。     

集成联合用药、隔离早期断奶（SEW）和“三点式”生产体系培育猪气喘病阴性群

为探索猪肺炎支原体阴性群的培育方法,本试验研究了集成联合用药、SEW和“三点式”饲养管理体系等技术对猪肺炎支原体的净化效果。先通过妊娠母猪的筛选,母猪程序性用药,SEW技术,屏障隔离系统,“三点式”生产饲养管理体系及仔猪程序性用药的培育方法,再通过猪肺炎支原体血清抗体检测和荧光定量 PCR检测鼻拭子的方法对所培育的仔猪进行长达4个月的监测,结果发现新培育的5批猪在35日龄后血清抗体均为阴性,鼻拭子抗原检测全为阴性。结果表明集成联合用药、SEW和"三点式"生产管理体系技术可以有效净化猪肺炎支原体,为国内猪气喘病的控制和净化提供理论基础及临床实践经验。     

液态饲料对仔猪超早期隔离断奶后腹泻和增重的影响

试验选用平均体重为(2.63±0.15)kg,14日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂相同饲料原料组成相当营养水平的液态饲料,进行14d对比试验。试验结果发现,与对照组相比,液态饲料极显著降低了腹泻率(16.14%,P<0.01),平均日增重比对照组提高了59.2%,而整个试验过程中采食量却没有显著差异。     

Inverse models to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of chemical weathering fluxes in a granito-gneissic watershed: Mule Hole, South India

Water-rock reactions are driven by the influx of water, which are out of equilibrium with the mineral assemblage in the rock. Here a mass balance approach is adopted to quantify these reactions. Based on field experiments carried out in a granito-gneissic small experimental watershed (SEW), Mule Hole SEW (~ 4.5 km²), quartz, oligoclase, sericite, epidote and chlorite are identified as the basic primary minerals while kaolinite, goethite and smectite are identified as the secondary minerals. Observed groundwater chemistry is used to determine the weathering rates, in terms of ‘Mass Transfer Coefficients’ (MTCs), of both primary and secondary minerals.Weathering rates for primary and secondary minerals are quantified in two steps. In the first step, top red soil is analyzed considering precipitation chemistry as initial phase and water chemistry of seepage flow as final phase. In the second step, minerals present in the saprolite layer are analyzed considering groundwater chemistry as the output phase. Weathering rates thus obtained are converted into weathering fluxes (Q_weathering) using the recharge quantity.Spatial variability in the mineralogy observed among the thirteen wells of Mule Hole SEW is observed to be reflected in the MTC results and thus in the weathering fluxes. Weathering rates of the minerals in this silicate system varied from few 10 μmol/L (in case of biotite) to 1000 s of micromoles per liter (calcite). Similarly, fluxes of biotite are observed to be least (7 ± 5 mol/ha/yr) while those of calcite are highest (1265 ± 791 mol/ha/yr). Further, the fluxes determined annually for all the minerals are observed to be within the bandwidth of the standard deviation of these fluxes. Variations in these annual fluxes are indicating the variations in the precipitation. Hence, the standard deviation indicated the temporal variations in the fluxes, which might be due to the variations in the annual rainfall. Thus, the methodology adopted defines an inverse way of determining weathering fluxes, which mainly contribute to the groundwater concentration.     

超早期断奶仔猪液态饲料的加工技术研究初报

液态饲料在超早期断奶仔猪生产中的应用优势非常明显,其加工技术及有关设备在我国仍属空白。试验选用玉米面粉、膨化全脂大豆、糖蜜、鱼粉、乳清粉、喷雾血浆蛋白粉、预混料、防腐剂等乳猪饲料原料,在实验室条件下制作应用于超早期断奶仔猪的液态饲料。摸索出液态饲料的部分加工技术要点;同时对液态饲料的理化性质和微生物学性质进行了研究。