转基因水稻及其杂交后代对稻纵卷叶螟的田间抗性检测

 用剥查法，研究了转cry1Ac+SCK基因水稻及其杂交后代对稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）的大田抗性。结果显示，在自然生产条件下，转cry1Ac+SCK基因的两个株系MSA与MSB对稻纵卷叶螟具有极强的抗性。转cry1Ac+SCK基因稻的杂交后代21S/MSB与II-32A/MSB都获得了高抗稻纵卷叶螟性状。MSA、MSB、21S/MSB与II-32A/MSB上的稻纵卷叶螟数量、卷叶率、卷叶株率与带虫株率均极显著低于常规对照稻。     

转SCK基因水稻后代农艺性状变异的研究

研究了转SCK水稻及其对照栽培后的各项农艺性状的变化。对轨基因水稻及其对照的生育期、主茎叶数、株高、剑叶长、剑叶宽、穗数、穗长、穗粒数、穗实粒数、千粒重、着粒密度等农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明:与对照相比，转基因水稻植株都在1个或多个农艺性状上发生不同程度的变异，其中株高均趋向矮化，穗数增加，其它性状变异的方向和幅度并不一致，如转SCK的C162的穗粒数、实粒数及千粒重都明显少于对照；转SCK的R527和M81结实率下降；转SCK的O2428的实粒数、结实率和千粒重增加；转SCK的D62实粒数、千粒重和结实率均增加。     

转基因水稻高世代农艺性状的表现

以转SCK基因和bar基因粳稻恢复系超优1号和转GNA基因和hyg基因粳稻保持系早花二号自交高代(恢复系T5,T6,保持系T4,T5)材料为试材,进行抗性筛选鉴定和农艺性状考察。结果表明:转基因恢复系表现高抗除草剂,对二化螟呈不同程度抗性;保持系表现高抗潮霉素,大部分株系低抗稻飞虱,个别高抗褐飞虱、白背飞虱,田间表现高抗条纹叶枯病;转基因不育系表现高抗潮霉素;外源基因导入粳稻恢复系和保持系并在高代稳定表达。转基因恢复系生育期、株高、穗长、穗颈节等性状有不同程度变异;保持系株高、穗型变异较大。转基因恢复系与转基因不育系配制的多元转基因杂交组合F1表现高抗除草剂和潮霉素,其他农艺性状表现与对照(非转基因组合)基本一致。对转基因水稻的安全释放进行了探讨。     

Impact Evaluation of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Rice on the Feeding and Oviposition Behavior of Its Non-Target Insect,the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Homptera: Delphacidae)

The feeding and oviposition behavior of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens on two transgenic indica rice homogenous genotypes (B1 and B6) with cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic restored line of hybrid rice (MSA) with SCK gene (a modified CpTI gene) were measured, compared with those on their corresponding non-transgenic parental cultivars Jiazao935 and Minghui86 performed by BPH. Under the selection condition of host plants by BPH, loading percentage, oviposition preference and laying egg number of BPH both on transgenic cry1Ab rice and transgenic SCK rice were not significantly different from those on their controls, while their total number of probing wound caused by PBH expect for feeding on B1 plants was markedly more than that on the control. In contrast, under the non-selection condition, total number of probing wound caused by BPH on either transgenic cry1Ab rice or transgenic SCK rice was pronouncedly more than those on their controls. Conversely, their honeydew amount excreted by BPH after feeding for 24 h was significantly less than those on the control. As a conclusion, three tested transgenic rice genotypes with insect resistance acted adverse effect on BHP feeding, and no marked effect on BPH oviposition.     

转sck/cry1Ac基因稻谷对米蛾幼虫解毒酶系的影响

采用酶活力测定及酯酶同工酶电泳方法研究米蛾(Corcyra cephalonica)幼虫取食表达SCK/Cry1Ac毒蛋白的转基因稻谷后体内重要解毒酶活力的变化,明确其代谢毒蛋白的主要酶类。结果表明:取食转Bt基因稻谷米蛾幼虫体内的α-乙酸萘酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶的活力在24～72h显著低于对照;酸性磷酸酯酶活力在12、48h和72h时也显著低于对照;而α-乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活力显著高于对照。谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的活性除饲喂24h的处理外,其他处理与对照无显著差异。此外处理72h后米蛾幼虫体内酯酶同工酶谱有4条酯酶酶带,4种酯酶Est1、Est2、Est3、Est4的活性均受到不同程度的抑制,酯酶Est4的抑制效果最明显。这些解毒酶和酯酶同工酶直接参与Bt毒蛋白的代谢作用。     

抗虫转基因水稻对非靶标害虫褐飞虱取食与产卵行为影响的评价

 比较测定褐飞虱在转cry1Ab基因籼稻(B1、B6)和转SCK基因杂交稻恢复系(MSA)及各自亲本对照上的取食与产卵行为。在自由选择寄主植株条件下,褐飞虱于转cry1Ab基因籼稻和转SCK基因杂交稻恢复系上的着虫比率、产卵选择性和产卵量与各自对照嘉早935和明恢86相比均无显著差异,但取食总痕数除B1外则均显著高于对照。在非自由选择寄主植株条件下,褐飞虱不论于转cry1Ab基因籼稻上还是于转SCK基因杂交稻恢复系上,其取食总痕数均显著多于各自对照,而取食24 h后排泄的蜜露则恰反之。综合可见,3个供试抗虫转