甜茶中鞣花酸抗氧化作用研究

[目的]研究甜茶中鞣花酸的抗氧化作用。[方法]以甜茶根为原料,经提取、溶剂萃取、重结晶等手段,得到了鞣花酸晶体;采用体外试验对甜茶中鞣花酸的清除DPPH.自由基能力及还原能力进行了研究,并用磷钼酸盐法测定了甜茶中鞣花酸的总抗氧化活性。[结果]鞣花酸清除DPPH.效果明显,并且具有速度快、用量少、抗氧化能力强等特点;当浓度为0.10 mg/ml时,鞣花酸对DPPH.自由基的清除率达到92.5%以上。鞣花酸的还原能力随着浓度的增大而变强;与BHT相比,当浓度低于0.5 mg/ml时,鞣花酸的还原能力低于BHT;而当浓度达到0.5 mg/ml时,鞣花酸的还原能力强于BHT。鞣花酸总抗氧化活性随着浓度及加入时间的增大而增大;当浓度为1.2mg/ml时,EA的抗氧化性没有BHT强,但1 h后EA的抗氧化性比BHT稍强。[结论]甜茶鞣花酸清除自由基的能力很强,具有开发利用意义。     

Radical scavenging activity and composition of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaves from different locations in Lithuania

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaves, collected in different locations of Lithuania were extracted with ethanol and the extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity (AA) by using ABTS(.)(+) decolourisation and DPPH(.) scavenging methods. All extracts were active, with radical scavenging capacity at the used concentrations from 20.5 to 82.5% in DPPH(.) reaction system and from 8.0 to 42.7% in ABTS(.)(+) reaction. The total amount of phenolic compounds in the leaves varied from 4.8 to 12.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) in 1 g of plant extract. Quercetin glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin were identified in the extracts.     

根尖压片法制备树莓染色体标本的研究

以红泡刺藤(R.niveus)、栽秧泡(R.ellipticusvar.obcordatus)和插田泡(R.coreanus)绿枝或硬枝扦插生根的根尖为材料,通过取材时季与扦插环境气温,8-羟基喹啉、秋水仙素和对二氯苯3种药剂在不同的温度下预处理不同时间,混合酶液和盐酸在不同温度下解离,醋酸洋红、卡宝品红、席夫试剂和铁矾-苏木精各染色剂染色压片等的对比研究,并以细胞中有丝分裂中期分裂相的数目、染色体的清晰性、分散程度和聚缩程度以及染色体的形态为衡量指标,探索出适于树莓属植物核型分析的根尖压片方法是:当根尖长至1~2 cm、扦插环境气温17~23℃时取材,卡诺氏固定液I低温固定24 h,用0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉在0~4℃下预处理24 h,再用1 mol/L HCl(60±1)℃恒温解离4~7 min,最后用卡宝品红染色压片能获得效果好树莓染色体标本,该染色体标本完全适用于核型分析。     

四川悬钩子属植物资源调查分析

研究了四川悬钩子属植物种类、分布、生态环境、生物学、繁殖特性等；已鉴定悬钩子属有28种7变种，其中光滑高梁泡、川莓、山莓、插田泡、红泡刺藤等分布广泛；繁殖方式有根蘖、种子、顶端生根和匍匐茎繁殖；并根据悬钩子的经济性状和用途进行了分类。     

黔产野生插秧泡果实的营养成分及其利用价值

为判断插秧泡果实能否作为保健水果进行开发利用,对比分析了黔产插秧泡果实和苹果的营养成分。结果表明:插秧泡果实中氨基酸含量为6.16%,必需氨基酸含量达40.2%;矿物质元素含量丰富;维生素B2、维生素E含量为1.3mg/100g、6.6mg/100g;插秧泡果实营养成分含量均远高于苹果,且其中砷、汞、铅的含量均低于食品卫生标准的限量规定。因此,黔产插秧泡果实具有较高的营养价值和医疗保健作用,可作为保健水果进行合理开发利用。     

4种悬钩子属植物的繁育方式研究

选取山莓(Rubus corchorifolius L.f.)、插田泡(R.coreanus Miq.)、光滑悬钩子(R.tsangii Merr.)、茅莓(R.parvifolius L.)4种野生悬钩子健壮植株为材料,通过扦插、分株和根蘖、压条等试验,研究其最适繁育方式。结果表明,4种悬钩子的木质化结构不充分,扦插生根较为困难;山莓可通过分株和根蘖的方式繁殖;插田泡可通过分株、根蘖、压条的方式进行繁殖;光滑悬钩子主要通过分株和根蘖的方式繁殖;茅莓可通过分株、根蘖和压条的方式繁殖。     

Molecular characterization of Erwinia amylovora strains from different host plants through RFLP analysis and sequencing of hrpN and dspA/E genes

A total of 73 Erwinia amylovora strains obtained from 13 Maloideae host species and from Rubus spp., and isolated from different geographic areas, were assessed using RFLP and DNA sequencing analysis of the 3' hrp N gene and/or of a fragment of 1341 bp of the dsp A/E region. An Erwinia pyrifoliae strain, used as outgroup, was checked in the same way. For the three strains isolated from Rubus spp. and for one strain from Amelanchier sp., RFLP analysis of the hrp N gene using the Rsa I enzyme yielded a PCR product 60 bp smaller than that of all the other strains. Sequence analysis of the gene revealed this was due to the absence of a 60 bp fragment in the noncoding region downstream of the gene. The strain PD 2915, isolated from Amelanchier sp. grown in Canada, showed five same-sense substitutions and one missense substitution at position 868 of the hrp N gene, converting aspartic acid into asparagine. Also, restriction analysis of a fragment of 613 bp of the dsp A/E region with Cfo I revealed an RFLP pattern suitable for differentiating the E. amylovora strains isolated from Rubus spp. and Amelanchier sp. from all the others. In the dsp A/E coding region, the four strains showed 13–14 missense point mutations, in some cases yielding drastic amino acid substitutions. In addition, partial sequencing of the dsp A/E region of PD 2915 from Amelanchier sp. indicated a higher similarity to E. amylovora strains isolated from Rubus spp. than towards strains from other Maloideae hosts. The E. pyrifoliae strain showed 23 single nucleotide substitutions along the hrp N gene and 88% of nucleotide identity with E. amylovora strains in the portion of dsp A/E region. Artificial inoculations on immature pear fruits and young shoots of Maloideae and Ruboideae showed a restricted pathogenicity for the strains from Rubus and Amelanchier , with the latter inciting blight symptoms only on Amelanchier .     

粉枝莓的组织培养与植株再生

利用粉枝莓的茎段和幼嫩叶片作为外植体，研究了不同激素水平对诱导产生愈伤组织、芽和根及完成植株再生的影响。试验结果表明：MS 6-BA0.5 NAA0.2培养基对诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化效果最佳，1/2MS IBA0.3对促进生根效果较好，在两步移栽法中，移栽存活率分别为94％和98％。     

甜叶悬钩子植物组织培养褐化现象控制研究

[目的]寻求甜叶悬钩子组织培养中的最佳抗褐化剂。[方法]以甜叶悬钩子的茎和叶为外植体,必MS为基本培养基,加入不同浓度的抗褐化剂（20％Na2S2O3、Vc和AC）,研究不同抗褐化剂对甜叶悬钩子组织培养的影响。[结果]AC和Vc都能对不同外植体起到抗褐化作用,在加入20％Na2S2O3的培养基上,外植体的褐化程度与Na2S2O3的浓度成正比,培养基中20％Na2S2O3的添加量达20ml时,外植体褐化最为迅速;在加入Vc的培养基上,随着Vc添加量的增加,培养基变成液体或半固体培养基,接入的外植体容易死亡;在加入AC的培养基上,AC的添加量为5g／L时,外植体的褐化率可控制在5％以下。抗褐化控制处理后,可以在诱导愈伤组织的培养基上培养出大量的愈伤组织。1结论IAC是较为理想的抗褐化剂,用量为5g／L。     

山莓叶中茶多酚的提取工艺研究

用正交实验方法研究了从山莓叶中提取茶多酚的提取工艺,得到了提取茶多酚的最佳工艺条件。该工艺条件具有操作简单、产量高、无毒无污染、成本低等特点。