不同施肥处理对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量的影响

为了探究不同施肥处理对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量的影响,试验地采用马铃薯连作模式,设置3个施肥处理,即：单施化肥(T)、有机肥配施化肥(YTF 1/2)、全量有机肥(YTF)。结果表明：在不同施肥处理下马铃薯农田土壤的理化性质和马铃薯产量发生了变化,其中变化最为明显的土壤指标有土壤容重、孔隙度、饱和导水率、有效磷。YTF处理较T处理可分别显著(P<0.05)降低土壤容重16.8%,增加土壤孔隙度12.7%,提升饱和导水率25.3%。YTF处理可显著提升土壤有效磷含量43.0%,但各处理间土壤pH、有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾之间差异并未达到显著水平。同时,较之T处理,YTF处理亦可显著提升土壤团聚体含量。YTF和YTF 1/2处理可分别较T处理提升马铃薯产量24.6%和12.8%。因此,施用有机肥不仅可以改善土壤结构,改良土壤物理性状,亦能促产增收。     

Compatibility of root growth and tuber production of potato cultivars with dynamic and static water‐saving irrigation managements

The important root characteristics of root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) generally differ among irrigation managements and potato cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the RLD and RMD variations and their functional relationships with gross potato tuber yield for two commercial potato cultivars, Agria and Sante, under different irrigation strategies. Full irrigation and water‐saving irrigation strategies, deficit and partial root drying irrigations, were applied statically (S) and dynamically (D) based on daily crop evapotranspiration. Results showed that SPRD had significantly greater RLD (3.64 cm/cm³) and RMD (132.7 μg/cm³) than other irrigation treatments. Between the potato cultivars, Agria had significantly larger values of RLD (3.50 cm/cm³) and RMD (138.7 μg/cm³) than Sante. The functional relationship between the root growth characteristics and tuber yield showed that under water‐saving irrigations, Agria increased root mass at the expense of gross tuber yield but Sante increased root mass to maintain larger gross tuber yields. However, Agria produced more roots and gross tuber yield than Sante, and it is concluded that Agria is a more drought‐tolerant potato cultivar, which is recommended for tuber production in regions where water might be scarce. It was shown that larger root production in potatoes was associated with improved tolerance to water stress.     

Propagation techniques on root turion sprout browse ofPopulus davidiana Dode

The root segments selected from dominant trees ofPopulus davidiana Dode were taken as reproductive material and were buried in different depths to carry out the reproduction of root turion sprout. The affecting factors of gemination rate, survival rate, and height growth for cutting wood of root sprout were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the best suitable substrate for burying root is pearlite, with a germination rate of 15.16%. 3–4-cm root segments has the highest rate of germination (12.4%). The mixture of sand and soil (2∶1) is the best cutting substrate, with a survival rate of 81.3%, while as to height growth of cutting wood, the mixture of turfy and soil (1∶1) is the best. The cutting woods selected from different positions of stem show difference in height growth. The cutting wood from top stem is higher obviously than those from middle or low stem. Biography: XING Ya-juan (1969-), female, assistant researcher in Forest Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系与梢生长的影响

以盆栽沙培1年生荔枝空中压条苗为试材,研究了水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系和梢生长的影响以及二者的相互关系。3个处理为:沙体积含水量为7.5%(严重缺水),15.0%(一般缺水),22.5%(充分供水)。结果表明:水分胁迫严重抑制荔枝幼树地上部分和各级侧根的生长,使地上部枝梢生长严重受阻,叶片数量、平均叶面积、叶片厚度均显著变小;根总干重、侧根长度、根表面积显著减少。水分胁迫下促进须根的生长,须根的长度、根表面积比水分充足时显著增加。水分胁迫时叶片淀粉含量下降,而根系积累更多的淀粉。比较不同处理的根梢比发现,干旱对根系生长的抑制作用比枝梢更显著。     

白音阿扁叶蜂老龄幼虫化学防治试验

对白音阿扁叶蜂防治试验,表明采用2.5%的功夫乳油5000倍液、4.5%的高效氯氰聚酯乳油5000倍液、50%的辛硫磷乳油2000倍液、80%的敌敌畏乳油2000倍液,都能达到理想的防治效果.两种菊酯类药剂成本相对较低,对环境污染也相对较小,在防治中可以推广应用.     

紫花苜蓿受冻害后促进根颈枝条再生方法的研究

对蔚县苜蓿根颈冻害后切除冻伤部分处理的比较研究结果表明,处理区的根颈苗数、地上高度、地上生物量、分蘖丛数是对照区的1.6～2倍;处理区苜蓿的各个数量指标的b值大于对照处理苜蓿b值,说明除冻害根颈后苜蓿的生长比不除冻害根颈部分的苜蓿生长更为合理。通过除去苜蓿冻害部位,防止根系继续腐烂,保护了未冻害部分,增加了苜蓿发芽的有效部位。同时,使根系与地面的距离变短或露出地面,增加光照强度,提高地温,促使未冻害苜蓿根系发芽,返青提前增加产量。     

柞蚕肠液理化性质与饲料效率的相关性研究

对柞蚕肠液的理化性质与饲料效率的相关性进行研究的结果表明 :柞蚕肠液对促进蚕体抗病与消化吸收功能有着重要作用 ,平均每头蚕有肠液 1 76mL ,品种间开差为 0 78mL ,相对开差 5 7 80 % ,肠液量越多 ,饲料效率越高 ;柞蚕不同品种肠液pH平均值未发现明显差异 ,但强健好养饲料效率高的品种个体间开差小 ;柞蚕肠液缓冲力除与品种强健性有关外 ,还与品种的饲料效率呈正相关 ,在强健丰产与高饲料效率品种中 ,肠液恢复pH原值所需时间越短 ,饲料效率越高 ,电刺法取出肠液后 ,肠液恢复缓冲力所需时间是恢复其pH原值时间的 1 8倍多 ,同恢复肠液pH原值所需时间长短与品种强健性和饲料效率的关系完全一致。     

国外松芽流脂病发生与防治

近年来,浙江省局部地区国外松纯林受芽流脂病危害较为严重.通过定点现察、分离培养、光镜检查、电镜现察、微量元素测定和用硼砂防治罹病松树等方法,基本查清国外松芽流脂病在浙江省的发生情况,明确了国外松芽流脂病的3种症状顶芽枯死型、丛枝型和枯梢型.国外松芽流脂病是由于松树自身和土壤中的微量元素--有效硼含量不足引起的生理性病害.用喷洒3.0g@kg-1或5.0g@kg-1硼砂溶液防治该病效果显著,防治区病情指数与对照相比平均下降38.5,松树的年平均高生长量也比对照大14.8cm.表4参4     

青饲牧草地化学除草试验报告

对６种青饲牧草用７种除草剂进行除草试验。证明播后苗前墨西哥类玉米用４０％阿特拉津胶悬剂０．９０ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２；Ｍ－８１Ｅ饲用高粱与串叶松香草适宜用６０％丁草胺乳油０．９０ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２；苏丹草适宜用６０％丁草胺乳油０．９０ｋｇ９ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２与２５％绿麦隆可湿性粉剂０．９４ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２，紫苏用１２％恶草灵乳油０．２７ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２与８４％ｃｈｉｎｃｈ乳油１．８９     

分子间的作用及其结构适应性

某些分子间的作用无法的用范德华力、氢键、介电常数、偶极矩等化学基本理论来加以解释，引入控制论的方法对这些分析间的作用进行研究后的结果表明，选择性分析间引力很可能是分子是最强的物理作用，而分子间的化学作用亦与分子间的结构适应性密切相关。