菜籽油裂解燃料离子液体催化酯化反应降酸工艺的研究

为了降低裂解燃料酸值,增加燃料的稳定性能,将吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐应用于菜籽油裂解燃料的酯化反应。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等对酸值的影响,并在最佳优化条件下考察了裂解燃料成品的理化性质。结果表明:吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐对催化酯化反应具有很高的催化活性。优化工艺条件为:催化剂用量1.2%、反应温度75℃、反应时间70 min,在此工艺条件下,酸值降低到1.0 mgKOH/g以下。     

不同腐解方式下棉秆腐解液对棉花种子萌发的化感效应

针对新疆棉区长期连作与棉花秸秆还田的普遍现象,分别采用自然腐解与接种微生物人工腐解的方式处理棉秆,研究了2种腐解液对棉花种子萌发的化感作用.结果表明,棉秆自然腐解液对棉花种子萌发具有较强的自毒作用,在腐解液浓度达到5 g/L时,种子发芽率与发芽指数即开始显著(P<0.05)降低;而已发芽种子的生长活力受影响较小,可耐受高达30 g/L的腐解液浓度.经人工腐解,棉秆腐解液的自毒化感效应得到极大消除,在50 g/L腐解液浓度的试验范围内,种子萌发率未受显著抑制,反而发芽种子的活力指数及胚根干重均有极显著增加(P<0.01).两种腐解方式下种子萌发情况的差异性检验表明,人工腐解处理的种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数与活力指数等指标值较之自然腐解处理有极显著增高(P<0.01),胚根干重增加显著(P<0.05).     

外源调节物质对盐胁迫下植物生长调控研究进展

为了探究外源物质对植物耐盐性的调控机理及进一步利用外源调节物质提高作物耐盐性,归纳了五大类传统植物激素（生长素、赤霉素、乙烯、脱落酸、细胞分裂素）以及褪黑素、水杨酸、多胺、油菜素类固醇、茉莉酸类等外源生长调节物质对盐胁迫下植物生长的调控情况。同时总结了硅、钙等离子类外源调节物对盐胁迫下植物生长的调节作用,多种外源调节物质可通过增强光合作用、提高渗透势、增加抗氧化酶活性及减少离子毒害等方式来减轻盐害。本文为进一步利用单一或复合外源调节物质来缓解作物盐害盐提供理论依据。     

离子稀土对小麦生长发育的影响

盆栽试验结果表明：拔节期喷施离子稀土，可使小麦根重、株高、地上干物重及穗长、每穗实粒数、千粒重显著增加，小麦籽粒产量比对照增加１２．８３％，并能增强抗赤霉病能力，提高小麦的品质．     

离子注入在高粱育种上的应用研究初报

以 30keV氮离子辐射高粱种子 ,M1成苗率有所降低。M1出现不同类型变异 ,变异率为6 .8%。变异性状在M3 趋于稳定。从稳定株系中选出一批变异材料 ,同时选出高频率无融合生殖系N+ SSA - 1。自主结实率比CK(SSA - 1)提高 87.8%。     

不同烃链长度咪唑类离子液体对玉米幼苗生长的影响

为探讨离子液体(ILs)对农业生物的毒性,以典型农作物玉米为材料,采用水培法研究三种不同烃链长度离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C4mim]Cl)、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C6mim]Cl)和1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C8mim]Cl)在不同浓度下对幼苗的根、茎生长以及部分生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:三种离子液体对玉米幼苗根、茎干重均有显著抑制作用。由EC50值得出,抑制程度表现为[C4mim]Cl[C6mim]Cl[C8mim]Cl,且对根重的抑制大于茎重。随三种离子液体处理浓度增加,玉米幼苗根、茎抗氧化酶系(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)总体呈下降趋势,而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,表明氧化胁迫可能是离子液体产生毒性的重要原因。     

离子液体2-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐分子结构与氢键关系的研究

离子液体作为一种新型绿色溶剂,已引起广泛关注。采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平下,计算2-甲基咪唑与四氟硼酸结合能为-1 100.09 kJ/mol,并且采用NBO理论与AIM研究其结构与分子内氢键作用。     

Changes in Hormonal Balance: A Possible Mechanism of Pre‐Sowing Chilling‐Induced Salt Tolerance in Spring Wheat

There is a lack of knowledge about factors contributing to the chilling‐induced alleviatory effects on growth of plants under salt stress. Thus, the primary objective of the study was to determine whether chilling‐induced changes in endogenous hormones, ionic partitioning within shoots and roots and/or gaseous exchange characteristics is involved in salt tolerance of two genetically diverses of wheat crops. For this purpose, the seeds of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, MH‐97 (salt intolerant) and Inqlab‐91 (salt tolerant) were chilled at 3°C for 2 weeks. The chilled, hydroprimed and non‐primed (control) seeds of the two wheat cultivars were sown in both Petri dishes in a growth room and in the field after treatment with 15 dS m^?1 NaCl salinity. Chilling was very effective in increasing germination rate and subsequent growth when compared with hydropriming and control under salt stress. Results from field experiments clearly indicated the efficacy of chilling over hydropriming in improving shoot dry biomass and grain yield in either cultivar, particularly under salt stress. This increase in growth and yield was related to increased net photosynthetic rate, greater potential to uptake and accumulate the beneficial mineral elements (K⁺ and Ca²⁺) in the roots and reduced uptake and accumulation of toxic mineral element (Na⁺) in the shoots of both wheat cultivars when grown under salt stress. Salt‐stressed plants of both wheat cultivars raised from chilled seed had greater concentrations of indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and spermine when compared with hydropriming and control. Therefore, induction of salt tolerance by pre‐sowing chilling treatment in wheat could be attributed to its beneficial effects on ionic homeostasis and hormonal balance. The results presented are also helpful to understand the chilling‐induced cross adaptation of plants in natural environments. Moreover, efficacy of pre‐sowing chilling treatment over hydropriming suggested its commercial utilization as a low risk priming treatment for better wheat crop production under stressful environments.     

培养液中铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度与CuZn-SOD活性的影响

在 PK15细胞无血清液体培养基中添加 0、7.8、15 .6、31.2、6 2 .5 μmol/L Cu,观察了培养液中不同铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度和 Cu Zn- SOD活性的影响及二者的相关性。结果表明 ,PK15细胞内铜离子浓度及 Cu Zn-SOD活性均随培养液中添加铜离子浓度升高和培养时间的延长而有不同程度的升高 ,其中以添加 Cu31.2 μmol/L组最高 (P<0 .0 5 )。PK15细胞内 Cu Zn- SOD活性与细胞内铜离子浓度和培养时间呈强正相关 (培养时间 :r=0 .873～0 .980 ,P<0 .0 5 ;铜离子浓度 :r=0 .90 0～ 0 .972 ,P<0 .0 5 )     

几种保鲜液对菊花切花保鲜效果的比较研究

运用4种不同保鲜液对菊花切花进行处理，研究其保鲜效果。结果表明，选择适合的保鲜液，不但能延长菊花切花的瓶插寿命，而且能促使切花增大花径，提高切花的观赏价值。