Effects of relative humidity, light intensity and photoperiod on the colony development of Erysiphe sp. on Rhododendron

Growth and reproduction by powdery mildew pathogens is generally inhibited by decreasing relative humidity. With Erysiphe sp. on Rhododendron cv. Elizabeth, the initial stages of colony development were adversely affected by reducing the relative humidity from 100% to 70 and 85%. No significant effects on secondary or tertiary hyphal development were detected. Light intensity and photoperiod both had considerable effect on the induced resistance response of the host. Over the initial 5 days of colonization there were no significant differences between any of the treatments. After 13 days, however, expansion of fungal colonies at 180 photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was limited solely to the area initially infested by primary hyphae. By comparison, in colonies grown at 80 PAR regardless of day length, secondary and tertiary hyphae had extended beyond the area first colonized. These effects resulted in differing morphologies, small colonies of densely packed hyphae formed at 180 PAR compared with open spreading colonies at 80 PAR.     

杜鹃花新品种‘朝晖’和‘红晕’

 ‘朝晖’杜鹃花是由大白花杜鹃和马缨花杂交选育而成, 叶面灰绿色, 顶生圆锥伞房花序, 有花10～12 朵, 花冠紫红色。‘红晕’杜鹃花是由露珠杜鹃和马缨花杂交选育而成, 叶浅绿色, 花冠漏斗状钟形, 花冠上部粉红色, 下部乳黄色, 有紫红色斑点。     

高山杜鹃成都平原越夏生长研究

为加强对高山杜鹃的引种栽培,筛选出适合成都平原栽植的高山杜鹃品种,对引进的11个品种高山杜鹃的整株生长指标（冠幅、株高、地径、分蘖能力）、枝条生长指标（分枝数、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、最长枝叶片数）、叶片生长指标（叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度）、夏稍长度以及热害指数进行评估。结果表明,引进的11个品种高山杜鹃均能在一定程度上适应成都平原越夏生长,其中‘王妃’的综合表现最好,尤其是其冠幅、株高、地径、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、叶长、叶宽,在引种2个月后的增幅分别达到了131.43%、155.07%、53.79%、103.65%、26.66%、21.51%、27.34%;‘喜悦’的热害指数最低,几乎不受害。此外,‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’也表现不俗。因此,引进高山杜鹃品种‘王妃’、‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’、‘喜悦’适应成都平原的越夏生长,可进一步推广栽植。     

宁波市杜鹃属植物资源调查

2012-2018年采用典型地块、典型线路详查为主,全面踏查为辅的方式对宁波市杜鹃属植物资源进行调查.结果 表明,宁波市共有野生及习见栽培的杜鹃属植物9种1变种1变型,其中野生种6种1变种1变型,习见栽培种4种.从水平分布看,有广域种、区域种、局域种和微域种4种类型;从垂直分布看,只分布于海拔700 m以上的有华顶杜鹃...     

黄连、黄芩提取液与二氧化氯复配对结球甘蓝种传黑斑病的抑菌效果研究

采用三元二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法,确立了黄连、黄芩提取液与二氧化氯对甘蓝链格孢菌抑制效果最佳的复配组合:黄连提取液13.48%、黄芩提取液15.56%、二氧化氯0.14%.用此复配剂浸种,芸苔链格孢菌和甘蓝链格孢菌的侵染率分别降低了97.33%和94.85%,且提高了种子发芽势及萌发相关酶活性.     

马银花愈伤组织RoWUS基因及其启动子的克隆与表达分析

WUSCHEL(WUS)基因是植物干细胞的标志基因。采用同源克隆法结合RACE技术从马银花愈伤组织中克隆得到Ro WUS c DNA全长序列,采用染色体步移法克隆得到该基因的启动子序列,登录号分别为KF365488、KF861578。马银花Ro WUS c DNA全长1 123 bp,编码302个氨基酸;DNA序列2 001 bp,包含2个内含子和3个外显子;启动子序列3 122 bp。生物信息学分析表明:Ro WUS亚细胞定位于细胞核,是不稳定的亲水蛋白,无信号肽,具有跨膜结构,包含homeodomain功能位点。系统进化树分析结果表明:Ro WUS单独形成一个分支,与葡萄、大豆和苜蓿的亲缘关系最近。对Ro WUS的启动子进行分析表明,该启动子除了含有丰富的TATA-box和CAAT-box等基本元件以外,还含有多个光响应元件、逆境胁迫响应元件、激素应答元件和其他功能元件。q PCR结果表明:Ro WUS基因在马银花愈伤组织不同生长时期中呈先上升后下降的趋势,在第5个继代周期时表达量最高。外源赤霉素和脱落酸浓度为15 mg/L时表达量最高,说明Ro WUS基因在该浓度时对赤霉素和脱落酸的响应最强。     

Influence of Nitrate:Ammonium Ratios on Growth and Elemental Concentration in Two Azalea Cultivars

Abstract

Rooted cuttings of Rhododendron canescens “Brook” and Rhododendron austrinum were grown in sand culture with a modified Hoagland's solution under greenhouse conditions. The effect of varying ammonium:nitrate (NO₃ ^?:NH₄ ⁺) ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) on growth, chlorophyll content, plant quality, and elemental tissue concentration were determined. With NO₃ ^? as the nitrogen (N) form, both azalea cultivars exhibited less vegetative growth, lower overall plant quality, with leaves showing visual chlorotic symptoms in comparison to plants receiving NH₄ ⁺ as the N‐form. Leachate pH was highest with NO₃ ^? as the predominate N‐form and decreased significantly with each increment of NH₄ ⁺. With both azalea cultivars, N‐form significantly influenced uptake and utilization of essential plant nutrients. Leaf concentrations of N, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) were highest with NO₃ ^?‐N. Leaf elemental concentrations of phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) increased as NH₄ ⁺ supplied more of the N‐ratio. Significant differences in Mg, Mn, and Zn were observed between species. Results from this study show that foliar N concentration is not an accurate indicator of plant growth response. Further investigations are needed to determine if foliarchlorosis and low growth rates observed with NO₃ ^? fed plants due to an Fe deficiency, to low nitrate reductase (NR) activity in the leaves, or to a combination of these factors.     

阿魏酸对2种野生杜鹃种子萌发的化感作用

为探究化感物质阿魏酸对马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子萌发的化感作用,本研究采用不同浓度阿魏酸分别处理马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子,利用单因素方差对其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和化感指数进行差异性分析.结果表明:阿魏酸显著抑制马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子的萌发,对2种杜鹃种子的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增加.阿魏酸对马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子均具有显著的化感作用,化感效应的最强浓度为1 000 μg/mL.     

滇重楼种质资源抗旱综合评价及生理机制研究

水分是限制滇重楼种子休眠萌发及资源分布的重要成因。以云南滇重楼主产区6个种源地的种子为试验材料,湿度设置分别为10%（正常水分处理,CK）和3%（水分胁迫处理,T）,测定10、30和60 d时种子的可溶性蛋白（soluble protein,SP）、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的生理活性,对资源进行综合抗旱评价,并筛选抗旱生理指标。结果表明：随胁迫时间延长,滇重楼种子可溶性蛋白呈先下降后回升的趋势,而SOD和CAT酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,MDA和POD呈下降趋势。CAT活性对水分胁迫最为敏感,胁迫和对照间呈显著差异,60 d时呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）;在10 d时SOD和MDA对水分胁迫呈极显著响应（P＜0.01）,在30 d时各生理指标均受到显著影响,SOD和POD受到极显著影响（P＜0.01）。相关性分析结果显示,可溶性蛋白与SOD和POD呈显著负相关（P＜005）。滇重楼种质资源之间变异系数较大,不同种质材料对干旱胁迫的敏感性不同。综合分析,师宗、鹤庆和石林的滇重楼种源抗旱性较强,耿马地区抗旱性最弱,可为进一步抗旱基因型品种选育提供理论依据。不同评价方法对滇重楼抗旱生理指标筛选的结果较为一致,CAT、SOD和MDA可作为抗旱性鉴定的生理指标。     

黄杜鹃提取物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避和杀卵作用

报道了闹羊花素 III(简称R III)和黄杜鹃花乙酸乙酯 (EtOAc)萃取物等对小菜蛾 (PlutellaxylostellaL .)的产卵忌避和杀卵作用 .在非选择性和选择性试验处理后 72h ,R III(ρ =0 5g·L-1)的产卵忌避率分别为 77 5 4%和80 1 3% ,EtOAc萃取物 (ρ =5g·L-1)的忌避率分别为 5 5 86 %和 6 6 0 1 % .经R III和EtOAc萃取物处理后 ,叶背与叶面卵数之比显著变小 ,卵孵化率明显降低 以 ρ =0 1g·L-1R III处理后 5d ,杀卵率可达 6 6 % .