RTK-GPS系统设计及VRS差分方式分析比较

为了满足精细农业中对高精度定位数据的需求,该文使用低成本的RTK-GPS OEM板和无线通讯模块,设计开发了一套可采用VRS差分的GPS接收系统,并对北京市VRS系统的RTCM/CMR两种差分数据源格式、GPRS/CDMA两种差分数据无线传输方式的稳定性进行了分析比较。实验结果表明,设计开发的系统性能稳定;VRS差分数据源稳定可靠,可满足不同精度要求的GPS定位需求;CDMA无线传输方式引起的数据延迟小于GPRS方式,但通信成本较高,用户可综合考虑成本和精度两方面因素进行通讯方式的选择。     

基于GPS与GIS 技术的长江上游山地冲沟的分布特征研究

长江上游山地生态环境十分脆弱，冲沟系统广泛分布，但对该区冲沟的发生演变一直缺乏定量研究数据。以西昌长山岭地区为对象，应用RTK-GPS对该区冲沟系统进行测量，建立数字高程模型（DEM）；同时基于GIS技术，探讨了从DEM上提取冲沟系统的方法，并以实测冲沟系统为依据，对所提取的冲沟系统的精度进行了对比分析。结果表明，利用DEM提取冲沟系统是一种快速、有效的方法。与此同时，分析了长江上游地区山地冲沟系统的分布特征，结果表明，小流域的沟壑密度为46．7m／hm^2，冲沟侵蚀速率高达191．9t／（hm^2．a），小流域内的土壤侵蚀为极强度土壤侵蚀，以控制冲沟侵蚀为主的水土保持措施，是该地区生态环境建设中值得重视的关键问题。     

基于信息融合的拖拉机组合导航定位系统研究

针对拖拉机在田间作业时因地形倾斜、土质硬度不均、连续转弯而导致的定位误差问题,设计了一种基于GABP神经网络算法的多传感器信息融合导航定位系统。该组合导航系统主要由RTK-GPS和IMU组成,融合了GA-BP卡尔曼算法和误差分析,根据多传感器的导航参数,修正拖拉机的定位误差,使拖拉机的行驶轨迹更加平稳。根据基于MK904型拖拉机建立的导航定位系统试验平台,在洛阳孟津一拖产品试验基地得到原始的导航定位信息,在Matlab中进行算法验证。试验结果表明:在拖拉机直线行驶情况下,该组合导航定位系统侧倾角精度提高了0.01 rad;在连续转弯过程中,左倾时侧倾角精度提高了0.02 rad,右倾时侧倾角精度提高了0.04 rad。说明基于GA-BP神经网络卡尔曼算法的组合导航系统能在一定程度上修正因田间地面起伏不定、土质硬度不均、连续转弯而导致的GPS定位误差,使拖拉机的行驶轨迹更加平稳。     

基于VRS技术的RTK-GPS接收系统设计

为了满足精细农业中对高精度定位数据的需求,该文使用低成本的RTK-GPS OEM板和CDMA无线通讯模块,设计开发了一套可采用VRS差分的GPS接收系统。试验结果表明,该系统性能稳定;在快速静态定位时,不同天气条件下的内符合精度为2～3 cm（95%）,可满足精细农业中高精度快速定位的需求;在动态定位试验时,通过与美国Trimble公司的AgGPS332进行对比,2条轨迹间的最大偏差不超过5 cm,可作为高精度的位置传感器用于农业车辆自动导航。     

Vibration analysis during grass harvesting according to ISO vibration standards

This research evaluated the working efficiency and comfort of operation by measuring vibration acceleration of tractors during grass harvesting. A real-time kinematic global positioning system and an inertial measurement unit installed in a tractor normally used by farmers during grass harvesting were used to acquire tractor vibration acceleration data. Analysis of the position and vibration acceleration data of tractors by a Fourier transformation yielded a power spectrum of vibration acceleration at each frequency (1-10 Hz) and position. The root mean square of vibration acceleration at each frequency (1-10 Hz) was calculated with the center frequency of the 1/3 octave bands (1.0, 1.25, 1.6, 2.0, 2.5, 3.15, 4, 5, 6.3, 8, and 10 Hz) based on ISO standards. To evaluate the working efficiency in the grassland, geographical information system maps were generated using the power spectrum of vibration acceleration and the limit on working time for each frequency that negatively affected the tractor driver. The vibration acceleration in the longitudinal (a_x) and lateral (a_y) directions at the center frequency of the 1/3 octave band below 2.0 Hz exceeded the fatigue-decreased proficiency and reduced the comfort boundaries stipulated in ISO 2631 (1974). In the area where working characteristics are severe, the vibration acceleration in the vertical direction (a_z) is high. The vibration acceleration in the a_z direction at the center frequency of the 1/3 octave band (5-10 Hz) clearly indicates discomfort during grass harvesting and a decrease in the work efficiency beyond 1 h. The total vibration acceleration (a_ν) at the center frequency of 5.0 Hz of the 1/3 octave band served to evaluate comfort in the whole field during grass harvesting—the a_ν value is higher than that at other frequencies. The area with severe working characteristics showed a higher a_ν value at the center frequency of 8.0 Hz than that at other frequencies.     

基于VRS技术的RTK-GPS接收系统设计

为了满足精细农业中对高精度定位数据的需求,该文使用低成本的RTK-GPS OEM板和CDMA无线通讯模块,设计开发了一套可采用VRS差分的GPS接收系统。试验结果表明,该系统性能稳定;在快速静态定位时,不同天气条件下的内符合精度为2～3 cm（95%）,可满足精细农业中高精度快速定位的需求;在动态定位试验时,通过与美国Trimble公司的AgGPS332进行对比,2条轨迹间的最大偏差不超过5 cm,可作为高精度的位置传感器用于农业车辆自动导航。