Integrated Pest Management in Cocoa Agroforests in Southern Cameroon: Constraints and Overview

Imports of pesticides have long been subsidised for use in the cocoa agroforests of the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. With the liberalisation of the cocoa and pesticides sectors and the devaluation of the local currency (CFA franc), farmers are facing fluctuations in the price paid for cocoa and the high cost of farm inputs. Without the support of the extension services, they themselves have developed traditional integrated control methods based on the use of plant extracts mixed with conventional pesticides. From a survey of 300 cocoa farmers, the study assesses the farmers' command of these methods, the pests controlled, the problems encountered and the institutional constraints in the definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research and development towards the better definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

有效碳数法研究及其在农药气相色谱分析中的应用

有机化合物结构与其所含有的有效碳数有一定的关系，本文给出了２０类结构化合物及其所含有有效碳数的关系，并对理论计算值和实测值进行了比较，结果十分接近，利用有效碳数法可以设计农药分析实验方案和无标样的情况下测定农药杂质含量。     

三组混配农药防治桑蓟马、桑粉虱效果试验

为筛选高效、低毒、低残留农药混配,进行三组混配农药防治桑蓟马、桑粉虱效果试验。结果表明,混配农药20%佳禾定1000倍＋10%大功臣10g/666.7m^2、80%敌敌畏1000倍＋10%大功臣10g/666.7m^2、5%锐劲特1000倍＋10%大功臣10g/666.7m^2对桑蓟马、桑粉虱具有较好的防效,药后1d防治效果为80%以上,药后3d防治效果达98%以上。     

几种杀虫剂防治三化螟药效试验

为筛选出替代甲胺磷等5种高毒剧毒农药品种,进行几种杀虫剂防治三化螟药效对比试验。试验表明：每1hm^2使用5%锐劲特SC300ml＋30%敌百虫EC1500ml、5%锐劲特SC300ml＋48%乐斯本EC1500ml、5%锐劲特SC450ml防治三化螟的防效显著,其中以每1hm^2使用5%锐劲特SC300ml＋30%敌百虫EC1500ml的成本较低,防效达94.5%;混合农药又是克服害虫抗药性的重要手段;可作为替代甲胺磷等五种高毒剧毒农药的理想药剂配方,用于防治水稻三化螟。     

大棚中百菌清等4种农药在小白菜上的降解规律研究

研究了小白菜栽培过程中,百菌清、敌敌畏、氧化乐果和抗蚜威在不同施用剂量条件下的农药降解动态规律,结果表明,不同农药在小白菜中的残留量和降解速度有较大差异。4种农药施药后在小白菜上的残留量随喷药时间的推移而减少,抗蚜威降解速度最慢,氧化乐果降解速度最快。     

吡虫啉与三种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对马铃薯桃蚜的联合毒力

本文探讨了吡虫啉分别与氰戊菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯复配对马铃薯桃蚜的防治效果,为合理有效地应用复配剂对其进行化学防治提供依据。应用共毒因子法和共毒系数法分别确定了最佳药剂配伍和最佳复配比例。采用共毒因子法测定结果表明,吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯混配对马铃薯桃蚜防治有明显增效作用。进一步采用共毒系数法测定表明,吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯复配比例为2∶3时,增效作用最显著,共毒系数达276.82;吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯以6∶1复配时,表现出拮抗作用。     

Sugar concentration in nectar: a quantitative metric of crop attractiveness for refined pollinator risk assessments

Those involved with pollinator risk assessment know that agricultural crops vary in attractiveness to bees. Intuitively, this means that exposure to agricultural pesticides is likely greatest for attractive plants and lowest for unattractive plants. While crop attractiveness in the risk assessment process has been qualitatively remarked on by some authorities, absent is direction on how to refine the process with quantitative metrics of attractiveness. At a high level, attractiveness of crops to bees appears to depend on several key variables, including but not limited to: floral, olfactory, visual and tactile cues; seasonal availability; physical and behavioral characteristics of the bee; plant and nectar rewards. Notwithstanding the complexities and interactions among these variables, sugar content in nectar stands out as a suitable quantitative metric by which to refine pollinator risk assessments for attractiveness. Provided herein is a proposed way to use sugar nectar concentration to adjust the exposure parameter (with what is called a crop attractiveness factor) in the calculation of risk quotients in order to derive crop‐specific tier I assessments. This Perspective is meant to invite discussion on incorporating such changes in the risk assessment process. © 2016 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

光活化农药的研究与应用

结合作者近期的研究工作，对光活化农药的研究现状、作用机理、应用前景及其与新农药创 制的关系进行了综述。     

引江济淮工程菜子湖线有机磷农药分布特征及生态风险评价

选取引江济淮工程重要的输水线之一菜子湖线为研究区域,检测分析了12种有机磷农药(organophosphorus pesticides, OPPs)在沿线水和沉积物中的污染水平、分布特征及生态环境风险,以更好地评估引江济淮工程菜子湖线水域农药类环境激素的污染及生态风险情况。结果表明：水体中OPPs的总质量浓度为112.8～1 781.4 ng/L,主要以溴硫磷、三硫磷和灭线磷为主;沉积物中OPPs的总浓度范围为290.33～13 105.25 ng/g,主要以灭线磷、治螟磷和毒虫畏为主。相对于我国其他水域,引江济淮工程菜子湖线水和沉积物中OPPs的主要污染物类别差异较大。水体中OPPs生态风险评估结果表明,溴硫磷、三硫磷和毒虫畏在菜子湖线全域均表现出较高生态风险(RQ>1),C、D、H和K这4个站点OPPs风险较高(RQ>10 000),敌敌畏和治螟磷在大部分水域表现出中等(0.1相似文献   

3种植物源农药对蓝莓蚜虫的室内毒力测定及田间防效

[目的] 通过室内毒力测定及田间药效试验评定3种植物源农药对蓝莓蚜虫的防治效果。[方法] 分别采用浸叶法和常规喷雾法进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果] 室内毒力测定结果表明3种植物源农药中以0.3%印楝素乳油对蓝莓蚜虫毒力最高,药后48h的LC50值为11.20mg.L-1,3种供试植物源农药相对于22%氟啶虫胺腈的毒力指数均小于1,说明3种植物源农药的毒力显著低于22%氟啶虫胺腈的毒力。田间药效试验结果表明3种植物源农药在各供试浓度下防治效果随药后天数增加而增加,但其防治效果均显著低于22%氟啶虫胺腈的处理,单就3种植物源农药看,苦参碱对蚜虫防效最佳,在药后5d,苦参碱不同浓度防效均在71.64%以上,0.3%印楝素次之,而鱼藤酮对蓝莓蚜虫的防效较差。[结论] 在进行有机生产或蚜虫虫口密度低且对环境安全有较高要求时,蓝莓生产中可以选择苦参碱来降低蚜虫种群基数。