在桩基础设计中两种规范的差异比较--《建筑地基基础设计规范》与《建筑桩基技术规范》

通过对二部规范的对比，阐明“地基基础”与“桩基”相比在桩基础设计中作了较大的调整，这样既节省了工程造价又提高了桩基础设计质量。     

增湿过程中结构性黄土强度对抗滑桩间距的影响

【目的】探讨增湿、扰动作用下结构性参数降低对土性参数和抗滑桩间距的影响。【方法】通过单轴压缩试验,分析初始结构性参数随含水率变化的规律以及构度指标变化对结构性土黏聚力和内摩擦角的影响。在抗滑桩拱端的土拱效应中,通过静力平衡方程建立拱间距与黏聚力的关系,并将构度指标对黏聚力的影响引入公式,从而分析构度指标变化对土拱间距的影响。【结果】构度指标随含水率的增大而减小,构度指标减弱导致黏聚力明显降低而内摩擦角变化较小,在增湿过程中将构度指标引入抗滑桩间距计算公式,其变化直接影响到抗滑桩间距的大小。【结论】构度指标是影响抗滑桩间距大小的最主要因素之一,在抗滑桩设计中引入结构性参数这一指标,为合理确定抗滑桩间距提供了一种新的方法和理论。     

高层建筑桩基础沉降预测

高层建筑施工过程可近似地看为一个线性加载的过程。在沉降-时间曲线特征的基础上,建立了高层建筑桩基础的龚帕兹沉降-时间预测模型,其中3个参数a、b和c可以简单求解得到。两个个工程实例的应用证明了该模型在桩基沉降预测中的合理性和实用性。     

深基坑支护中冲孔灌注桩质量控制研究

灌注桩+锚索支护型式被越来越多地应用于深基坑支护中。文章结合冲孔灌注桩在深圳GL河口调蓄池工程—深基坑支护中的应用实践,介绍了冲孔灌注桩施工工艺、施工过程质量控制要点,对施工准备、冲孔、确定终孔、清孔、钢筋笼制作和吊装、浇筑水下混凝土等各施工环节进行了梳理和探讨,并对施工监理工作程序和监理控制要点做了论述,借此与广大同行进行交流、学习。     

An Approach for Estimating the Final Ultimate-bearing Capacity of Driven Pile In Soft Clay

The prefabricated pile,driven in soft clay,can squeeze the soil laterally in a certain scope around the pile,and the void ratio is reduced significantly;consequently,the shear bearing capacity is raised.But the soil parameter,which is used to estimate the capacity of pile,is reduced according to the soil state before the pile was driven.Then,a certain difference appears when the pile is working.The calculation result usually is partial to conservative.This paper analyzes the squeezing mechanism of the pile using the theory of cylindrical cavities expansion.And a formula,which is used to estimate the increment of shear bearing capacity of soil around the pile when excess pore water pressure from pile driving distributes completely,is presented based on the unique relation between the shear bearing capacity and the density of the soil.This formula can be used to estimate the final ultimate-bearing capacity of the pile.The calculated results by the proposed formula are in good agreement with those of the site measurement.     

Identification of the Serious Damage in Superficial Part on Piles

Two kinds of singular signal's characteristics of upper part serious damage piles encountered in the examination of structural integrity of piles are presented. Based on vibration and wave theories, the principle of identifying the existence of the upper part serious damage piles and the method of identifying the damaged positions and severity of piles are worked out. The structure integrity of a pile including damage type and position should be identified by vibration theory of single severity of freedom from its oscillating signs of low frequency,and the damage type and position should be respectively detected by vibration theory and wave theory from the oscillating signs of high frequency. The method is of great practicability in engineering field.     

舍饲条件下陕北白绒山羊疾病发生趋势和防制对策

陕北白绒山羊养殖在实现了从传统放牧型到全舍饲的设施化养殖转型之后,白绒山羊疾病的发生呈现出不同于传统饲养方式下的新的特点和趋势,严重威胁白绒山羊产业化进程.本研究对舍饲条件下白绒山羊疾病发生的特点、规律和趋势进行了调研和总结,并根据当地实际提出了切实可行的防制对策.     

钻孔灌注桩水下混凝土灌注施工要点

钻孔灌注桩的水下混凝土灌注是成桩的关键环节,但由于施工工艺不当,断桩、堵管、夹泥、蜂窝、少灌等质量问题也时有发生。因此,运用科学、实用的混凝土灌注工艺以保证钻孔灌注桩的施工工程质量显得极为重要。     

堆体大小对猪粪堆肥影响和袋装堆肥的研究

研究了堆体大小对堆肥的影响以及堆制10 d的物料袋装堆肥的可行性。试验将猪粪和秸秆按一定比例混合均匀后分800 kg、400 kg和200 kg三种规格堆制40 d，另设800 kg组物料堆制10 d后转移分装到袋中继续堆制至40 d。每天上午、下午测定堆温，并于堆制第1、5、10、20、30和40 d取物料测定C/N比、水溶性碳、总腐殖质、氨态氮和硝态氮。结果表明，400 kg和800 kg组经40 d左右可以达到腐熟，而200 kg组不能完成彻底的有机质分解。与非袋装组比较，袋装堆肥堆制结束(40 d)物料的C/N比较低、腐殖质和氨态氮相近、水溶性碳和硝态氮较高。袋装法简单经济，占地少，便于畜牧场和农村推广应用。     

大豆堆压缩特性的实验研究

使用TSZ-6A型应变控制式三轴仪对不同围压(8kPa~200kPa)、不同含水率(9.8%、11%、13.5%、14.8%、15.8%w.b.)的黑龙江省大豆堆的体积变化和体变模量进行了测定,分析了围压与含水率对大豆堆体变模量的影响。体变模量随着围压(8kPa~200kPa)的增大而增大,大豆实验结果表明:对含水率为9.8%w.b~15.8%w.b、围压为8kPa~200kPa的大豆堆,其体变模量范围为227.94kPa~610.58kPa。相同含水率的大豆堆的体变模量随着围压(8kPa~200kPa)的增大而增大;同一围压下,大豆堆体变模量随着含水率(9.8%w.b~15.8%w.b)的增大而减小。