苹果中多酚物质及其在果实发育过程中的变化

以秦冠、富士、嘎拉、华冠、华帅、金冠、国光、首红、澳洲青苹等9个品种为试材,对苹果果实发育过程中总酚、绿原酸、黄烷醇、原花色素含量进行了分析。结果表明,苹果果肉中多酚物质的含量和组成在不同品种间存在着较大差异;总酚、绿原酸、黄烷醇和原花色素含量在苹果发育初期迅速下降,其后下降速度逐渐减缓,最后则趋于稳定或稍有下降;在果实发育初期,绿原酸为果肉中主要的多酚物质,而黄烷醇和原花色素仅占很小的比例,但在果实发育过程中绿原酸所占比例逐渐降低,而黄烷醇和原花色素所占比例逐渐上升,成熟时已远远超过绿原酸占总酚含量的比例,成为果实中最主要的一类多酚物质。     

原花青素功能及应用进展

综述了原花青素的来源、功能特性及其在食品、医药、化妆品领域的应用,并指出了原花青素生产中需要解决的问题,为原花青素的开发和应用提供了参考。     

Evaluation of aspect of some oxidative stress parameters using vitamin E, proanthocyanidin and N-acetylcysteine against exposure to cyfluthrin in mice

A hundred and sixty female white mice, each weighing 35-40 g, were used in this study. The animals were assigned into eight groups as one control group and 7 experimental groups. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC), proanthocyanidin and vitamin E alone, at doses of 100 mg/kg/body weight/day by intra-peritoneal, oral route and, intramuscular, respectively. Group 5 was administered a single dose of cyfluthrin (100 mg g/kg/body weight ∼1/3LD₅₀) by oral, whereas Groups 6, 7 and 8 were given cyfluthrin+NAC, cyfluthrin+proanthocyanidin and cyfluthrin+vitamin E, at the same dose, respectively. The administration of the drugs was initiated following the administration of cyfluthrin, and continued until the end of the seventh day of the study. Blood samples were collected from each group, 24 h, and 3, 7 and 9 days after the administration of cyfluthrin for the assessment of blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. According to the data obtained, compared to the control group, increase in the plasma MDA level of the group administered cyfluthrin alone, and decrease in erythrocyte SOD activities in some periods and CAT activities in all periods were determined. On the other hand, especially, MDA levels and CAT activities were observed to move closer to values of the control group, in the groups that were administered NAC, proanthocyanidin and vitamin E in addition to cyfluthrin. In other words, in most periods, decrease in plasma MDA levels, and increase in erythrocyte CAT and SOD activities were observed in comparison to the group administered cyfluthrin alone. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant differences to exist between the groups on the third, seventh and ninth days with respect to plasma MDA levels, and the third and ninth days with respect to erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05). However no significant difference was demonstrated in any of the periods in the groups that were administered NAC, proanthocyanidin and vitamin E alone in comparison to the control group (P > 0.05). In view of the parameters examined, animals were concluded to be affected by cyfluthrin and the administration of the three compounds at the indicated doses and for the indicated periods were considered to alleviate the adverse effects of cyfluthrin partly throughout the study period.     

黑荆树树皮单宁组分研究——Ⅲ.原花色素的分离鉴定及其~(13)C NMR特征(英文)

从我国江西四年生黑荆树(Acacia mearnsii)树皮单宁中分离鉴定了三个二聚原花色素:刺槐亭醇-(4α→8)-儿茶素、菲瑟亭醇-(4β→8)-儿茶素和刺槐亭醇-(4β→8)-儿茶素。其中刺槐亭醇-(4β→8)-儿茶素为首次从黑荆树树皮中以天然形式分离得到,为一新天然化合物。文中首次对黑剂树树皮二聚原花色素的~(13)CNMR进行了报道,并就其特征和确定二聚原花色素的相对和绝对构型进行了讨论。     

无原花色素大麦突变体筛选研究初报

 用10#+(-3)mol/L叠氮化钠（NaN#-3）作为诱变剂处理大麦种子，收取M#-2世代籽粒用香草醛-盐酸试剂进行半粒分析，含原花色素者剖面出现红色反应，缺失者无反应，以此筛选获得一系列原花色素缺失的突变体。对M#-3和M#-4世代的分析结果表明，突变体的原花色素缺失性状是稳定的，但大多数突变体的抗逆性较弱，早衰较严重，使籽粒灌浆受到影响，粒重和饱满度下降，需要进一步改良。但也有个别突变体如甘ant90-5等具有较好的综合性状，接近对照品种。     

Green tea flavan-3-ols and oligomeric proanthocyanidins inhibit the motility of infective larvae of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in vitro

The effects of a hot water infusion and an aqueous acetone extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the motility of infective larvae of the sheep nematodes Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were investigated under in vitro conditions. The infusion and extract dose-dependently inactivated the infective larvae as assessed by the larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. To determine the components responsible for the inhibitory activity, the hot water infusion and aqueous acetone extract of green tea were fractionated on Sephadex LH-20 and the green tea extract fractions (GTE-I-VIII) characterised by mass spectrometry. The larvae were exposed to increasing concentrations of these GTE fractions. Fractions containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and proanthocyanidin oligomers were most effective. GTE fractions were more effective against T. circumcincta than T. colubriformis larvae as assessed by the LMI assay.     

原花青素A-1体内外对猪与小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

为研究从碎米花杜鹃叶中分离得到的化合物原花青素A-1（Proanthocyanidin A-1，简称PAA-1）的免疫增强活性，初步从细胞水平上探讨其免疫增强机制。体外试验采用流式细胞术，检测PAA-1体外对小鼠脾淋巴细胞T细胞亚群CD4和CD8单阳性和双阳性T淋巴细胞亚群百分率及CD4+/CD8+比值；体内试验通过饲喂不同剂量的PAA-1后，检测试验猪外周血淋巴细胞CD4和CD8单阳性以及CD4+/CD8+比值。结果证明，体外试验中同阴性对照组相比，PAA-1能单独或协同Con A提升具CD4+、CD8+及CD4+CD8+表型的T淋巴细胞亚群百分率，提高CD4+/CD8+的比值；体内试验中饲喂中、高剂量的PAA-1的试验猪外周血中具有CD4+、CD8+表型的T淋巴细胞的百分率及CD4+/CD8+的比值均有显著提高。说明PAA-1可通过增加辅助性T淋巴细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞数量、促进T淋巴细胞的成熟以及增加CD4+/CD8+的比值发挥增强细胞免疫的作用，为其进一步开发为新型免疫增强剂提供试验依据。     

Color development of proanthocyanidins in vanillin-hydrochloric acid reaction

The influence of proanthocyanidin (PA) structures contained in bark on color development in the vanillin-hydrochloric acid (V-HCl) method used widely as a quantitative method for measuring PA were examined. The maximal absorption wavelength was different in terms of the bark from which the PA was obtained. Phenyl nucleus (resorcinol, phloroglucinol) constituting the A-ring of PA reacts with vanillin to produce the color. The maximal absorption wavelengths of the solutions from synthesized procyanidin and profisetinidin were 500 and 540 nm, respectively, indicating that the color tone differs in the V-HCl method based on the hydroxylation patterns of the A-ring. The colored solution of (+)-catechin with vanillin was dialyzed, and the resulting product (C-VC) was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance. It was found that C-VC was a polymer complex consisting of 9mol (+)-catechin moieties and 10mol vanillin moieties. It was presumed that the cationized vanillin molecules that do not combine with (+)-catechin play an important role on color development in the presence of C-VC.This study was presented at the 44th and 45th Annual Meetings of The Japan Wood Research Society, Nara and Tokyo, April 1994 and April 1995