蔬菜幼苗叶面积快速测定方法筛选与优化

为得到一种快速且准确测定蔬菜幼苗叶面积的方法,以番茄幼苗为试材,以方格法为对照,研究扫描分析法、叶面积仪法、打孔称重法测定叶面积的准确性、精确性与测定速度,然后采用黄瓜、辣椒叶片及纸片的面积对测定结果进行验证,最后基于不同扫描分辨率对筛选出的方法进行优化。结果表明,相比叶面积仪法和打孔称重法,扫描分析法测定结果更接近真实值,且精度更高,用时更短。扫描分析法不同分辨率下测定结果无显著差异,且扫描分辨率越低所需测定时间越短。扫描分辨率50 dpi下的扫描分析法可作为一种快速准确测定蔬菜幼苗叶面积的方法。     

周期性测量方法探讨

本文就周期性测量中递推求精方法的可行性进行了一些探讨,并对两个典型实验推导出它们采用递惟求精方法的可行性判别式。     

国内气力式玉米精量排种器研究进展

近年来，我国机械化技术水平不断提高，精量播种正逐步取代传统的粗放式播种，从而降低了种植成本，同时提高了生产效率和利润。目前，我国玉米单产水平存在较大提升空间，提升玉米机械播种水平是提高玉米播种质量和增加产量的有效方式。本文对气力式玉米精量排种器的研究现状进行了综述，包括气吸式、气吹式和气压式3种类型，分别总结了其结构、工作原理和工作参数、性能、优势等，评述了试验效果；针对玉米精量排种器目前存在的问题进行了分析，并提出了未来的发展趋势，以期为促进玉米机械化生产提供参考。     

电磁振动排种器的试验研究

对排种盘上的种子进行了运动分析,论述了电磁振动排种器的工作原理。通过试验,找出了振动式排种器各运动参数对排种器排种量的影响规律。对不同形状的中、小粒种子进行了条播和精播台架试验,并对水稻、小麦种子进行了田间试验,结果表明:该排种器适用于各种形状复杂的中、小粒种子,播种精度高,不损伤种子。     

水稻田间育秧精密播种机设计与试验

为提高田间育秧播种机的播种合格率和播种稳定均匀性,设计了一种适用于南方水稻田间育秧的精密播种机。在深入分析螺旋勺轮式播种器的播种原理,以及播种器行走控制系统的基础上,采用正交试验方法,研究了螺旋勺轮的凹槽深度、螺旋升角、播种器行走速度对播种合格率和空穴率的影响规律,得出杂交稻播种合格率和空穴率影响因素的最佳参数组合:凹槽深度h为3 mm、螺旋升角α为81.73°、播种器行走速度v为0.35 m/s。试验表明,采用闭环控制系统后的播种机播种杂交稻2~6粒/格合格率由87.14%提升到93.21%,常规稻3~8粒/格的播种合格率为92.14%,播种性能满足常规稻和杂交稻精密播种育秧的技术要求。     

The feasibility of using variable rate water application under a central pivot irrigation system

The purpose of this paper was to assess the feasibility and significance of applying spatially variable irrigation under a central pivot system at the Federal German Agricultural Research Center, Braunschweig, Germany. The assessment was based on soil moisture holding capacity, soil depth variation and root development. Soil texture analysis was carried out by sampling on a 60 meter grid. The German Agro-Meteorological Model was applied to simulate the water balance in the crop-soil-atmosphere system for the growing season 2003/4. The research findings are presented in terms of six scenarios: 20, 30, 40 mm water application depths per irrigation under both variable rate application and uniform application. The comparison revealed that the loss of water was higher for the uniform application scenarios than that for the variable rate application (VRA) scenarios for the applications of 20 and 30 mm. The VRA scenario of 20 mm water application was found out to be the best option for water conservation.     

A model of decision-making and information flows for information-intensive agriculture

This paper describes the development of a systems based model to characterise farmers’ decision-making process in information-intensive practices, and its evaluation in the context of Precision Agriculture (PA). A participative methodology was developed in which farm managers decomposed their process of decision-making into brief decision statements along with associated information requirements. The methodology was first developed on a university research farm in Denmark and further revised during testing on a number of research and commercial farms in Indiana, USA. Twenty-one decision-analysis factors were identified to characterise a farm manager’s decision-making process. Then, a general data flow diagram (DFD) was constructed that describes the information flows “from data to decision”. Illustrative examples of the model in the form of DFDs are presented for a strategic, a tactical and an operational decision. The model was validated for a range of decisions related to operations by three university farm managers and by five commercial farmers practicing PA for cereal, corn and soybean production in Denmark and in Indiana, USA.     

磁吸式精密排种原理分析与试验

针对蔬菜、花卉种子体积小、质量小及形状不规则的特点 ,提出了一种新的排种方式——磁吸式精密排种。应用有关磁选理论 ,建立了磁吸式精密排种的力学模型 ,得出了单粒磁粉包衣种子在气隙磁场中所受磁力的计算公式 ,分析了实现精密排种的基本条件。通过对白菜、番茄种子的排种试验 ,其单粒精播率达 90 % ,漏播率低于5 % ,说明这一排种方式具有较高的播种精度和对不同类型种子良好的适应性。     

液力变矩器性能测试系统及提高测试精度研究

建立了一套基于工业PC微机的变矩器试验数据自动采集与处理系统，论述了硬件组成结构、数据采集、传输方式及数据处理软件的功能，并对提高测试系统精度的方法进行了研究。某一新开发的液力变矩器试验结果表明，该系统运行方便、快捷，测试计算结果准确、可靠。本研究可为提高一般国产试验设备的测试能力及测试精度提供一些借鉴。