Sacred sites as habitats of culturally important plant species in an Indian megacity

Cultural ecosystem services related to urban green spaces contribute significantly to liveable cities. While previous studies highlight the intersection of cultural ecosystem services with societal values, spiritual or religious values associated with urban nature have received less attention. In India, as in other parts of the world, sacred sites are known for their biological richness, but analyses from urban sacred sites are largely missing. Based on a stratified random sampling approach, we analysed the cultivated and wild plant species assemblages of 69 sacred sites in the megacity of Bengaluru, India, in relation to biological and cultural features, and parameters related to the urban matrix and type of sacred sites (temple vs. katte). Unlike other urban studies, we found a dominance of native species in the cultivated and spontaneous species pools (121 species in total), with Ficus religiosa and Azadirachta indica as most frequently planted species. Culturally relevant species prevailed in the species pool (89%), with overlaps between religious (36%), medicinal (50%) and ornamental (62%) plants; only 11% of species were weeds. Urban matrix parameters (age of development, housing density) and size and type of sacred sites were related to differences in species assemblages. We identified key species for different classes of age and housing density, and for types of sacred sites. Our study demonstrates that urban sacred sites have an important potential in harbouring both native and culturally significant species that can support urban livelihoods in developing countries by a range of cultural and provisioning ecosystem services, including medicinal uses. As such sites are conserved by communities for spiritual or cultural beliefs, local biodiversity can be enhanced, e.g. by adapting management practices through community participation. This would strengthen the important contribution of sacred sites within the green infrastructure of rapidly growing megacities.     

月季组织培养过程中的影响因素

综述了月季组织培养过程中的影响因素，重点介绍了植物生长调节剂、外植体、培养基和培养条件等对月季试管苗生长的影响。同时分析了月季组培影响因素研究中存在的不足，提出对多因素、复杂因子共同影响行为的研究和探讨是今后月季组培影响因素研究中的重点内容。     

人工培植羊体羊黄的研究

本试验以外科手术方法在北京农户所养绵羊胆囊内放人异物网核和注入致黄菌(SEBF8,50亿/ml),诱发羊黄,均获成功.其间,对术前术后血清胆红质、胆固醇、谷草转氨酶和GROS反应等项进行测定.结果表明:上述各项指标在术后8天内与术前比,均有降低,差异显著,但以后逐渐恢复正常.而体重、临床表现,以及饲养指标本出现异常.预示着,人工培植羊体羊黄可行.同时,本试验还为进一步提高人工培植羊黄的产黄量,提供了参考数据.     

叶面喷施丰产素在黄瓜上的应用效果

本试验在黄瓜上叶面喷施丰州牌丰产素，其浓度分别为２０００倍、４０００倍和６０００倍。试验结果表明，３种浓度对黄瓜的生长势都有增强的作用，并对早期产量有较大的提高。其中２０００倍液对早期产量的增产幅度最大，比对照提高４２．８１％。并且对黄瓜的营养成份有不同程度的影响，其中６０００倍液对维生素ｃ和含糖量都有较大的提高，因此，对黄瓜品质的改进有较好的效果。     

系统耦合与荒漠─绿洲草地农业系统─—以祁连山一临泽剖面为例

生态系统内部自由能的积累，使系统失去平衡并趋于同其它生态系统结合，自由能驱使两个或两个以上的生态系统或亚生态系统，通过会聚，超循环和耦合而联合，从而形成具有特殊结构一功能的更高一级的新系统。系统耦合可以多途径解放生态系统中的自由能而增加农业生态系统的生产力，亦即从催化潜势，位差潜势，多稳定潜势及管理潜势中取得能输出。上述过程可作用于农业系统中的四个子系统，这四个子系统各有自己的产品：前植物生产，植物生产，动物生产，外生物生产，从而大幅度提高其生产力。在荒漠─绿洲草地农业生态系统中，本文分别计量了各个子系统的能流单位及其流程，证明它的子系统也可以成功的发生系统耦合，其中绿洲子系统应居关键地位。     

大豆叶面积变化对田间微气象条件及产量的影响

作者通过1977～1981年和1987～1989年,分别在绥化、哈尔滨和合江地区的田间试验和生产调查,发现大豆叶面积指数的大小可造成不同的田间微气象环境条件,叶面积指数6左右时,植株似倒非倒,株间采光量和CO_2分布较为合理,光合效率高,大豆单株生育良好,群体产量高;在生产上可依据当地土地条件、施肥水平、不同品种和不同种植方式用叶面积动态变化方程式计算出适宜的密度,以使大豆群体最大叶面积指数保持在6左右,创造较理想的田间微气象效应。     

Response of Mustard to Ethrel Spray and Basal and Foliar Application of Nitrogen

In a field trial conducted during 1992–93 and 1993–94, the effect of basal (B) nitrogen (N) (45 and 60 kg N ha⁻¹) and foliar application (F) of water (W) or 10 kg N ha⁻¹ and 400 or 600 ppm ethrel (E) (2-Chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at 70 days after sowing was studied on leaf area index and dry mass at 90 days and pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil vield at harvest of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cv. T-59. Recommended basal (B) application of 90 kg N ha (BN₉₀) was used as control. On the basis of 2 year data it was found that basal application of 60 kg N and foliar spray of 10 kg N ha ⁻¹ and 600 ppm ethrel gave higher values for growth and yield characteristics and enhanced seed yield and oil yield by 12.5 and 14.8%, respectively over control BN_90.     

景观植物信息查询系统(LPIIS)的构建

近年来，我国的景观植物产业得到了很大发展，但仍存在很多问题，为了解决这些问题，我们开发了景观植物信息查询系统(简称LPIIS)。LPIIS的构建包括后台数据库和管理系统2部分，以Microsoft Access开发后台景观植物数据库，实现各种零散的景观植物数据资料的数字化；采用面向对象的开发语言VB进行信息系统的界面设计和系统集成，实现了人性化的界面，操作更为方便。LPIIS的出现改变了过去景观植物信息管理的手工方式，具有可视化人性化的界面、提供多媒体信息、数据的维护和更新具有继承性、后台数据库可方便的移植于网络等特点。     

甜菜不同种植方式的研究

通过试验明确了覆膜移栽纸筒苗栽培方法具有覆盖地膜和育苗移栽双重效应，促进甜菜早发棵，早封垄。提早进入叶丛快速生长期和块根糖分积累期；改善了甜菜光合性能，增加了光合势、净光合率和光合产物经济系数，比不覆膜移栽纸筒苗的增产31％，产糖量增加27．12％，投入产出比大幅度增加。