食品级磷酸盐的应用研究进展及趋势

综合分析当前食品级磷酸盐的主要功能、作用机理和应用现状,提出后续食品磷酸盐的应用研究不仅要在单体磷酸盐的应用机理和安全性研究上更加深入,还应加快复配磷酸盐、磷酸盐与其他种类食品添加剂协同作用机理的研究,以促进食品行业更好地发展。     

Effectiveness of different precipitated phosphates as phosphorus sources for plants

Abstract. Eleven precipitated phosphates were evaluated as sources of phosphorus (P) for plant growth by comparing their effectiveness with that of monocalcium phosphate, a source of water soluble P that is generally considered to be fully plant available. The precipitated phosphates comprised struvites recovered from waste water discharges (mainly magnesium ammonium phosphate), laboratory synthesised struvites, a synthetic iron phosphate and a recovered calcium phosphate. Precipitating phosphates in these forms could be a way for removing P from waste water before it is discharged to rivers, so reducing the risk of eutrophication. Application to agricultural land would be one potential use for such phosphates. Evaluation was by pot experiments with a sandy loam soil and with a sandy clay loam soil using perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne) as the test crop. The soils differed in pH (6.6 and 7.1) and in Olsen P (28 and 11 mg L⁻¹). Measured variables were grass dry matter (DM) yield and grass P concentration which were used to calculate offtake of P in the harvested grass. DM yields of ryegrass and P offtakes given by the synthetic and recovered struvites were not significantly different statistically either between themselves or to MCP applied at the same rate. On this basis these struvites could be used to recycle P to similar soils and the effect of the P on crop yield should be similar to that of MCP     

土壤微生物活性对林地土壤磷有效性的影响

以苏格兰Balmacarc地区栎树林为对象,研究了林地微生物及磷酸酶活性对土壤磷的生物有效性的影响。结果表明:在一定条件下,土壤微生物活性与磷酸酶活性呈正相关,两者在距根表不同距离呈梯度分布;在林木生长旺盛的夏季磷酸酶活性达到高峰。本研究还通过对土壤不同磷库的逐级测定,探讨了磷的生物有效性与微生物及磷酸酶活性的关系。当加入有机物后(作为微生物生活能量),发现土壤有效磷的组分有相应的变化。本文以0.1MNaOH提取的磷作为识别有效磷总量的界限,并尝试了插管法,以测定圈内外吸收差,初步测得林地中生物有效磷为总有效磷的36%。     

不同磷肥对石灰性土壤磷效率小麦基因型生长发育的影响

田间试验和测试结果表明 ,磷酸二铵、普钙和沉淀磷肥分别比对照增产 2 1 .8%、1 7.9%和 1 1 .3 %.对枸溶性磷肥 ,磷高效基因型冀 87-4 61 7小麦比对照增产 1 3 .9%,而磷低效基因型的秦麦 1号仅增产 2 .9%.对各种磷肥的利用率亦以冀 87-4 61 7最高 ,秦麦 1号最低     

Effects of sewage sludge disposal

The disposal of sewage sludge affects the environment as the sludge May, contain harmful components such as pathogenic organisms, organic compounds, heavy metals and excess phosphorus and nitrogen. Depending on the method of disposal, these effects can be immediate or time-delayed and non-linear. the effects of dumped or landfilled sewage sludge can be characterized through its leaching capability, which depends on the treatment before dumping. Treatment May, be simple dewatering or advanced incineration, wet oxidation or immobilization. Leach-ability is considered here.     

Differences in Textural Properties in Minced Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Processed with Phosphate-Treated Proteins and Gums

Mince produced from Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was divided into 4 batches. A different commercial phosphate-treated gel-forming ingredient was added to each of three batches and the fourth batch was left untreated as a control. The mince batches were adjusted to a pH of 6.8 prior to freezing. The additive treatments were at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 percent of the final product weight. Samples were stored at -40°C for a period of 4 months and then measured for gel-strength by punch test, torsion test, texture profile analysis (TPA), and water binding ability (WBA). The textural properties of the mince were significantly improved by the addition of gel-forming additives. A difference in textural properties was detected among the standard methods of measurements, with torsion testing yielding the most sensitive measurements.