青海绵羊血清铁传递蛋白的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省５个品种共１０５０只绵羊的血清铁传递蛋白进行了电泳研究。结果发现青海绵羊的血清运铁蛋白共有１１个电泳变异体（Ｉ，Ａ，Ｇ，Ｂ，Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｍ，Ｅ，Ｑ，），构成３７种电泳表型（ＩＡ，ＡＥ，ＡＡ，ＡＧ，ＡＢ，ＡＬ，ＡＣ，ＡＤ，ＡＭ，ＡＥ，ＡＢ，ＧＧ，ＧＢ，ＧＬ，ＧＣ，ＧＤ，ＧＭ，ＧＱ，ＢＢ，ＢＣ，ＣＤ，ＣＭ，ＬＣ，ＬＤ，ＬＥ，ＣＣ，ＣＤ，ＣＭ，ＣＥ，ＣＱ，ＣＰ，ＤＤ，ＤＭ，ＤＥＤＱ，ＫＰ，ＭＱ）。在５个品种绵羊中，藏羊血清铁传递蛋白的电泳变异体和电泳表型最多，分别为１１个和２８种，茨盖羊的最少，分别为６个和１６种，青海细毛羊，新疆细毛羊和青海半细胞毛羊介于两者之间。     

‘清水’苜蓿与‘WL168’杂交后代的表型特征及生理特性

本研究以‘清水’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘Qingshui’）与‘WL168’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘WL168’）的杂交后代选育系RSA-01,RSA-02和RSA-03为研究对象,于种植第5年对其表型特征及生理特性进行观测分析。结果表明：RSA-01,RSA-02地上生物量显著低于‘WL168’（P<0.05）,而RSA-03显著高于‘清水’;RSA-02,RSA-03茎粗显著高于‘清水’和‘WL168’,而茎叶比均低于‘清水’;各形态指标中,茎粗变异系数最小,且RSA-03值最小,为2.17%;通径分析表明,RSA-01,RSA-02和RSA-03的茎叶比、茎粗与其地上生物量的直接通径系数分别为-0.649和0.709,-0.700和0.422,-0.858和0.189,茎叶比、茎粗是影响地上生物量的关键因素;RSA-01,RSA-03的过氧化物酶活性显著低于‘清水’和‘WL168’。与亲本‘清水’相比,RSA-03的地上生物量和茎粗都具有显著的杂种优势,但其抗逆性减弱,该研究结果为后期产量改良及抗逆性研究提供理论依据。     

黄瓜生长素受体同源基因CsAFB和CsTIR在拟南芥中的转化与功能表达

植物生长素受体是生长素信号通路中的重要因子.基于前期克隆得到了黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)生长素受体同源基因生长素信号F-box蛋白基因(auxin signaling F box protein,CsAFB)和转运抑制响应基因(transport inhibitor response,CsTIR),为进一步证实和研究这2个基因的功能,本研究利用拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)Col-0野生型和生长素受体编码基因功能缺陷突变体tirl-1为材料,导入黄瓜生长素受体同源基因,获取纯合转基因系.检测发现,拟南芥突变体tirl-1转入CsAFB/TIR基因后根系发育、外源生长素敏感性和细胞伸长反应均恢复至野生型水平.检测发现,野生型拟南芥中过量表达黄瓜CsAFB/TIR,尤其是Cs TIR基因,植株主根伸长明显受抑,侧根数量剧增,子叶下卷,叶柄上翘,真叶叶缘向离轴面弯曲,顶端优势明显.本研究表明,CsAFB/TIR基因功能类似拟南芥TIR1基因,为黄瓜生长素受体同源基因;过量表达该类基因通过增加生长素受体数量、扩大生长素信号的方式参与调控植物生长发育;为进一步在黄瓜中研究生长素受体功能及作用机理提供理论依据.     

丙环唑对玉米幼苗生长的调控及其相关机制

丙环唑(propiconazole,简称Pcz)作为一种杀菌剂被广泛应用于作物生产,它同时具有调节作物生长发育的作用,但关于丙环唑在玉米上的应用研究较少。本研究以玉米品种郑单958为材料,研究丙环唑(Pcz)对玉米苗期植株生长、细胞形态和激素信号的影响。结果表明,Pcz处理显著抑制玉米中胚轴与胚芽鞘的生长,降低株高,缩短叶片和叶鞘长度,减小叶夹角,同时显著抑制叶片和叶鞘细胞的纵向伸长,促使叶枕细胞排列由疏松变为紧密;Pcz处理显著降低玉米中赤霉素(GA1和GA3)的含量,下调GA合成酶基因GA3ox1基因的表达,上调GA钝化酶基因GA2ox5和GA2ox8表达,而GA合成酶基因GA20ox1的表达呈现先上调后下调模式;Pcz处理显著降低油菜素内酯(BR)含量,但BR合成基因CPD和DWF4的表达上调,可能是由于反馈调节。此外,Pcz处理下调扩张蛋白基因EXPA4、EXPA5和木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶/水解酶基因XTH1、XET1的表达。综上所述,Pcz处理调节GA和BR信号转导途径,抑制GA和BR在植株内积累,调控扩张蛋白、木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶/水解酶基因表达,操纵细胞生长,有效调控株型。     

Effect of electroacupuncture on microglia phenotype in injured abducens nerve

AIM: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture treatment on microglia phenotype in Beagle dogs with abducens nerve injury. METHODS: Healthy adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group, sham operation group, injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group, with 5 dogs in each group. In sham operation group, only the isolated nerves were exposed. In injury group, the dogs were restrained when electroacupuncture was performed in electroacupuncture treatment group. In electroacupuncture treatment group, electroacupuncture was performed on the base of dog nerve injury. The experiment was continued for 2 weeks. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of M1 and M2 markers in the microglia. RESULTS: The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in injury group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). In electroacupuncture treatment group, the expression of iNOS was significantly lower than that in injury group (P<0.05). The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in control group and that in electroacupuncture treatment group was significantly lower than that in injury group (P<0.05). The expression of arginase in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and that in electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in injury group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was increased compared with control group (P<0.05). But the expression of BDNF in electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in injury group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: After abducens nerve injury, electroacupuncture treatment reduces the expression levels of M1 marker proteins in microglia and increases the expression levels of M2 marker proteins.     

龙眼GA信号受体基因LonGID1的功能初步分析

龙眼LonGID1基因编码赤霉素(gibberellin, GA)受体,是赤霉素信号途径中一个非常关键的调节基因。本研究的主要目的是探讨龙眼GA信号受体基因LonGID1的功能初步分析。通过将克隆得到的龙眼LonGID1基因转入拟南芥Atgid1b/c缺失突变,野生型植株中,观察其表型变化及GA信号途径中上下游基因的变化。结果表明:(1) Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系种子萌发率明显低于哥伦比亚野生型株系(columbia, Col-0);Atgid1 b/c×35S::LonGID1缺失突变恢复株系种子萌发率与Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系相比明显提高。10 nmol/L的GA处理可以提高4个拟南芥株系的萌发率,但是GA处理Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系种子萌发率仍然明显低于其他株系。5 nmol/L多效唑(Paclobutrazol, PAC)处理显著降低4个拟南芥株系的萌发率。(2) Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系花苞发育的时间比Atgid1 b/c×35S::LonGID1缺失突变恢复株系推迟约13～14 d。Atgid1 b/c×35S::LonGID1缺失突变恢复株系花苞发育的时间与Col-0野生型株系相比提前约5～6 d,35S::LonGID1超表达株系花苞发育的时间与Col-0野生型株系相比提前4～5 d。10 nmol/L的GA处理,35S::LonGID1超表达植株的花苞发育时间与Col-0野生型相比提前了5～6 d,Atgid1 b/c×35S::LonGID1缺失突变恢复株系的花苞发育时间与Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系相比提前了5～6 d。5 nmol/L的PAC处理使各株系花苞发育时间推迟。(3)GA处理Col-0野生型株系,AtGA4、AtSOC1、AtLFY、AtFT、AtGID1和AtGAI的表达变化明显;这种表达变化会因为GA受体基因Atgid1b/c的缺失而降低,而龙眼的LonGID1基因可以弥补拟南芥GA受体基因Atgid1b/c的缺失而引起的GA作用效果的降低。龙眼LonGID1基因功能的分析,对于我们了解龙眼GA信号传导途径具有积极的意义,也有助于我们更好的利用GA来调控龙眼的生长发育过程,为在生产上指导农户合理利用GA提供理论基础。     

9个穗分枝裸大麦突变体的穗部特性及其差异分析

穗分枝突变体是大麦穗发育研究的重要种质。利用EMS诱变北青7号的成熟种子,再通过连续7年自交繁殖选育了9个裸大麦穗分枝突变(Ynbs)株系。在不同世代中9个Ynbs株系的穗分枝性状均可稳定遗传,多联穗明显退化,每个主穗着生2~5个分枝穗和10.53±0.53~13.23±0.22个多联穗,每个分枝穗具有1~3个分枝穗轴节,每个多联穗着生10~15个小花。为系统了解Ynbs株系的穗部特性差异,分析了不同材料多联穗数、小花数、结实粒数、结实率、穗茎轴长、穗长、穗轴节数和百粒重的表型差异和偏相关性。结果表明,多联穗数等8个穗部性状在不同材料间均有显著或极显著差异,9个Ynbs株系的多联穗数、结实率和百粒重显著低于诱变亲本,但其小花数极显著高于诱变亲本,多联穗减少、小花增多、结实率和百粒重下降是9个Ynbs株系的共有突变性状;穗分枝性状与多联穗数、结实粒数、结实率、穗长和百粒重5个穗部性状呈极显著偏相关,偏相关系数分别为-0.524、0.584、-0.646、0.418和-0.563。9个Ynbs株系具有穗分枝、多联穗退化、小穗增多等特性,是大麦穗发育等研究的不可替代种质。     

人工接种CMV后辣椒植株中病毒含量的时序变化及症状表型

以5份不同类型的辣(甜)椒为供试材料,人工接种CMV重花叶型株系,通过DAS-ELISA方法,分别检测接种5、10、15、20、25、30d后辣椒植株中CMV含量的时序变化,同时对供试材料进行人工接种抗性鉴定,并对2种方法得到的数据进行相关性分析。结果显示:不同类型供试材料接种5~15d后的病毒含量逐渐增加,并于15d时达到最高水平,之后略有回落;通过DAS-ELISA检测得到的植株病毒含量与人工接种抗性鉴定得到的病情指数呈正相关,说明2种鉴定方法获得的结果一致。     

北京地区家蝇乙酰胆碱酯酶不敏感基因表现型的检测

在1998～1999年对北京地区室外家蝇种群乙酰胆碱酯酶 (ACh E)的不敏感基因表现型进行了检测。以敏感品系为标准 ,海淀区 (A)、海淀区 (B)、丰台区、朝阳区家蝇种群具有的对敌敌畏不敏感基因表现型频率分别为 11%、34%、56%和24% ;对灭多威不敏感基因表现型频率为4%、4%、8%和20 %。ACh E对敌敌畏和灭多威的不敏感基因表现型 ,北京地区家蝇可分成4种 :1)对敌敌畏和灭多威均敏感型 ;2 )对敌敌畏不敏感 ,对灭多威敏感型 ;3)对敌敌畏敏感 ,对灭多威不敏感型 ;4 )对敌敌畏和灭多威均不敏感型。目前 ,在北京地区以对敌敌畏和灭多威均敏感的 ACh E表现型为主 ,其次为第二种类型 ,第三和第四种类型的频率不高。     

Suitability of European green frogs for intensive culture: Comparison between different phenotypes of the esculenta hybridogenetic complex

European countries are probably the greatest consumers of frogs' legs, although this is occurring in a context of amphibian decline. Imports of frogs' legs have been increasing over the last few decades in relation to the development of deep-frozen products. This demand has stimulated farming with neotropical species for international trade. Today, in spite of some trials on European species, no production is effective. From the early 1990s, small-scale experimental rearing trials have been undertaken in Brittany (France) with a local green frog belonging to the esculenta complex (Rana ridibunda) which accepts granulated feed. This complex comprises two Mendelian species R. lessonae (LL) and R. ridibunda (RR) as well as their hybridogenetic hybrid Rana esculenta, which can be either diploid (RL) or triploid (RLL, RRL).The purpose of this study is to analyse the ability of each taxon to be reared. During the two months following metamorphosis, froglets were trained to eat pellets. The surviving individuals were reared for one year under regulated conditions to estimate the survival rate, growth and production of each frog type.The results show low survival rates (14.8 to 26.2%) for LL and RLL, higher rates (39–46.4%) for F₁ and F₂ from wild RR and RLL, with the highest rates (63.0 to 77.4%) for RL, RRL and all RR, using data from several years of rearing. After three years under rearing conditions, the adult survival rate is highest for rearing strain RR-Rivan 92* (53.7%). The growth rate varies greatly according to phenotype, and only frogs with an RR phenotype reach marketable size. In the wild, LL exhibits some difficulty in reaching this limit. As a result, production increases from 1.5–8.7 kg/m² for individuals with an L hemiclone to 22.9–35.7 kg/m² for each cohort of phenotype RR from at least two generations under rearing conditions.In relation to hybridogenesis processes, hybrids with diploid or triploid genomes do not seem to offer any advantage for production purposes. However, R. lessonae individuals from intensive rearing can produce fertile eggs and tadpoles, which could enable production for restocking to preserve wild diversity or build up new populations in suitable habitats.