Tracing regime influence on urban community gardening: How resource dependence causes barriers to garden longer term sustainability

This article explores how resource dependence leads to barriers to urban community gardening. Nine barriers to urban gardening were identified: finance, space, organizational structure, water, external damage, soil, communication, interpersonal issues, and participation issues. Using process tracing and grounded theory, we found that these barriers could be divided into three groups: primary, secondary, and participation barriers. Primary barriers are caused and directly influenced by the regime, whereas secondary barriers are the result of decisions and actions taken while addressing the primary barriers. All of these barriers cause frustration and affects the ability of the gardens to retain and acquire new members. This affects the longer term sustainability of the gardens and their potential to contribute to an urban governance transition.     

贵州自然分布山茶属植物的资源现状

介绍了贵州省原生山茶属植物的自然分布及资源现状，共46种4变种。     

汝城白毛茶种群个体间亲缘关系的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术,对汝城白毛茶种群个体间的亲缘关系进行了分析。研究结果:汝城白毛茶种群个体单株扩增的谱带数最多时为13条,最少时为10条;DNA多态性最高为92.31%,最低为70.00%,平均为85.40%。结果表明汝城白毛茶种群呈现丰富的遗传多样性。汝城白毛茶种群单株间的遗传距离最小为0.0882,最大为0.5791。聚类分析结果表明汝城白毛茶种群中有些单株聚类很近,遗传基础比较一致,有些聚类较远,显示其丰富的遗传多样性。研究发现种群单株间的遗传变异呈现连续性,当结合距离I为0.14时,汝城白毛茶种群可分为6个类型,这与其表观形态类型相符。本文运用分子生物学方法证明汝城白毛茶的核心种质基因群在汝城县白毛茶示范场得到了有效保护。     

关于修订桃种质资源(Prunus persica)描述体系的建议

评价是种质资源工作的重要环节之一,是资源利用与共享的基础。目前,中国桃种质资源的评价描述体系一般是按照中国1990年编制的“桃种质描述符”进行。通过对国际植物遗传资源委员会1980年编制“桃描述系统″和中国“桃种质描述符”在评价的层次、评价内容、评价方法和评价标准的系统比较,以及2个标准在种质资源科研实践使用过程中存在的不足之处,结合中国桃种质资源工作的特点和国外资源的描述方法的新进展,提出中国桃种质资源描述系统的修改建议,为建立中国标准化、数字化的桃种质资源描述系统奠定基础。     

Functional heterogeneity in resources within landscapes and herbivore population dynamics

Large mammalian herbivores are notorious for their propensity towards population irruptions and crashes, yet many herbivore populations remain relatively stable. I explore how resource heterogeneity within landscapes dampens population instability, using a metaphysiological modelling approach considering patch state distributions. Resource heterogeneity is functionally stabilizing through spreading consumption away from preferred resources before these become critically depleted. Lower-quality resources act as a buffer against starvation during critical periods of the seasonal cycle. Enriching resource quality is destabilizing, even if patch diversity is maintained, because food quantity then becomes the limitation. The potential consequences of landscape fragmentation are explored using the Serengeti ecosystem, characterised by broadscale resource gradients, as a hypothetical example. Further insights provided by the model are illustrated with specific examples concerning the effects of patch scales and waterpoint distribution. A metaphysiological modelling approach enables the basic consequences of landscape heterogeneity to be distinguished from further effects that may arise from specific patch scales and configurations, without the distracting detail of spatially explicit models.     

Quantifying patch distribution at multiple spatial scales: Applications to wildlife-habitat models

Multiscale analyses are widely employed for wildlife-habitat studies. In most cases, however, each scale is considered discrete and little emphasis is placed on incorporating or measuring the responses of wildlife to resources across multiple scales. We modeled the responses of three Arctic wildlife species to vegetative resources distributed at two spatial scales: patches and collections of patches aggregated across a regional area. We defined a patch as a single or homogeneous collection of pixels representing 1 of 10 unique vegetation types. We employed a spatial pattern technique, three-term local quadrat variance, to quantify the distribution of patches at a larger regional scale. We used the distance at which the variance for each of 10 vegetation types peaked to define a moving window for calculating the density of patches. When measures of vegetation patch and density were applied to resource selection functions, the most parsimonious models for wolves and grizzly bears included covariates recorded at both scales. Seasonal resource selection by caribou was best described using a model consisting of only regional scale covariates. Our results suggest that for some species and environments simple patch-scale models may not capture the full range of spatial variation in resources to which wildlife may respond. For mobile animals that range across heterogeneous areas we recommend selection models that integrate resources occurring at a number of spatial scales. Patch density is a simple technique for representing such higher-order spatial patterns.     

基于因子分析法对我国大学城体育场地资源共享的影响因素研究

采用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对影响我国大学城体育场地资源共享的因素进行了分析与总结，研究结果表明，影响大学城高校体育场地资源共享的主要因素包括：场地客观因素、学校领导因素、学校教师因素、学生因素、地理位置因素、相关政策因素、课程安排因素、经济因素、社会因素、比赛安排因素。根据木桶效应，在构建大学体育场地资源共享模式的时候，需要对课程进行合理的安排，并做好场地对内和对外开放的时间以及方式合理安排，以提供我国高校体育场地资源的利用率，促进我国高等体育教育和社会体育的发展。     

新型城镇化建设背景下农村人力资源系统的研究与开发

新型城镇化建设背景下农村人力资源的开发愈发重要。阐述了农村人力资源管理信息系统的涵义,剖析了农村人力资源开发与管理的信息化应用现状及存在问题,挖掘了农村人力资源信息系统的应用层面,提出了农村人力资源系统开发应坚持的原则。     

海洋灾害对渔业资源管理的影响及其对策

近年来,恶性捕捞严重,海洋渔业资源管理模式落后。同时,人类过度开发利用以及不可抗因素时有发生,使得海洋生态系统遭到破坏,渔业资源管理也面临着新的问题。对我国渔业资源管理现状以及非常态下渔业资源的恢复与开发利用等方面进行了综述,对非常态下渔业资源管理中存在的问题进行了阐述,并提出了对应的管理措施,最后对非常态下渔业资源管理制度发展建设进行了展望。     

基于文化与审美视角的中国牡丹旅游分析

分析了牡丹在中国备受人们喜爱的自然和社会文化原因,认为人们喜欢牡丹不仅仅是由于它的美丽和香味,更由于其在传统的中国文化里是富贵和吉祥的象征,是中国主流文化和传统审美观的代表。介绍了河南洛阳、山东菏泽、四川彭州三大牡丹栽培和观赏中心的牡丹繁育、栽培现状,以及在这三大栽培中心举办的每年一度的以牡丹为主题的旅游节庆活动。以期能让更多的人了解牡丹在中国文化中的地位及其对现代花卉旅游的影响,更好地理解牡丹和中国人民审美情结、国民气质之间的关系。