Virus eradication from some Pelargonium zonale cultivars by meristem-tip culture

On the older leaves ofPelargonium zonale chlorotic rings and flecks are common, especially during spring and fall. From such plants an isometric virus can be isolated that causes local lesions on the leaves ofChenopodium quinoa. An attempt was made to produce symptomless plants, reacting negatively onC. quinoa. Meristem tips on a basal medium supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid and coconut milk produced abundant callus, but no plantlets. However, on media containing low concentrations of indole acetic acid and kinetin or benzyl adenine, some plants were produced that fulfilled the above requirements. Those selected on horticultural properties, are considered as valuable mother plants. Of twenty-one cultivars such plants were obtained. They may prove an important contribution to the improvement of theP. zonale industry in the Netherlands.     

60Co-γ射线辐照处理对天竺葵、观赏椒种子发芽率及幼苗的影响

用60Co-γ射线辐照处理天竺葵、观赏椒种子,观察其发芽率和幼苗生长情况.结果表明:γ射线辐射对这2种观赏植物的发芽率和幼苗生长发育具有不同的影响.对天竺葵的发芽率有促进作用,但抑制幼苗生长;对观赏椒发芽率作用不显著,对幼苗前期生长有抑制作用.     

驱蚊草驱除库蠓预防鸡白冠病的应用试验

本试验采用粘蚊帖收集库蠓的方法，了解在鸡舍内和鸡舍外使用驱蚊草对库蠓的驱除作用。试验结果证明：使用驱蚊草在鸡舍外能够在1．5m范围内有效地减少库蠓的数量（P〈0．05）：放置了驱蚊草的鸡舍相比未放置驱蚊草的鸡舍其库蠓数量明显减少（P〈0．05）；另外，驱蚊草对蛋鸡的产蛋率与死淘率无明显影响。由此可见，驱蚊草有明显的驱库蠓效果，能达到预防鸡白冠病的目的，     

驱蚊香草的组织培养和快速繁殖

以驱蚊香草幼嫩枝条为外植体，进行离体培养，获得再生植株，通过这个过程，得出有利于芽诱导、增殖、诱导生根的最佳配方，为驱蚊香草快速繁殖，规模化生产打下技术基础。     

A comparative study on anther development in male-fertile and male-sterile plants of Pelargonium crispumL'Her. ex Ait.

Summary Anther development of male-fertile and male-sterile plants in Pelargonium crispum was anatomically examined. Three cultivars, i.e., Lemon crispum, Crispum minor and Prince Rupert, were used. Lemon crispum and Crispum minor are male-fertile, whereas Prince Rupert is male-sterile. The tapetum in every cultivar examined behaved like an amoeba. The tapetal cells of the anther form plasmodial masses. Then, the plasmodial masses fuse producing a periplasmodium. The periplasmodium degenerates and finally disappears. There are no differences in tapetal behaviour between fertile and sterile anthers. In the sterile anthers the endothecium and lip cells do not develop sufficiently. Young microspores show normal growth at early stages. After the completion of their cell wall formation, however, the microspores in the sterile anthers lose their cytoplasm and become empty. On the other hand, the microspores in the fertile anthers increase the volume of their cytoplasm and become fertile pollen grains.     

Genetical studies of embryo survival and embryo breakdown in Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey

Summary The 6×6×4 analysis of variance of the mean percentage embryo survival for six variegated cultivars of Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey, with mutant plastids in their germ layers, and for their isogenic green (G) clones, shows highly significant differences between females (81 to 91 per cent) and between plastid crosses (83 to 91 per cent). Between cultivar differences are attributed largely to additive effects corresponding to additive gene action, and between plastid differences to a lower survival after crosses with white (W) males than with green males. The relationship between overall fertility (% fertilization × survival) and plastid crosses is a stepwise decline in the order G×G>G×W>W×G>W×W (28 to 19 per cent) in which the white embryos growing in a white mother are approximately 30 per cent less fertile than the green embryos in a green mother. The non-surviving embryos are classified into empty, undeveloped and dwarf embryos and submitted to a 6×4 analysis of variance after summing through males. The significant heterogeneity between females is attributed largely to a difference between one cultivar-with a high frequency of dwarf and a low frequency of undeveloped embryos-and the other five cultivars. The absence of a significant plastid effect upon any stage of embryo breakdown indicates that the depressive effect of white plastids is spread evenly throughout development.     

驱蚊草组培快繁技术研究初报

以驱蚊草茎段为试材，正交设计法考察3种激素对其增殖率的影响，结果表明，MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L +IBA0.1 mg/L +GA3 1.1 mg/L为增殖培养的适宜培养基。1/2MS+ IBA0.1mg/L为生根培养的适宜培养基。     

大花天竺葵组织培养初探

以‘亚里士多德’系列的大花天竺葵新品种的叶、叶柄和带芽茎段为外植体,进行了不定芽、愈伤组织的诱导及芽萌发的研究。结果表明,大花天竺葵叶片诱导不定芽分化的最适培养基为MS＋0.5 mg·L^-1NAA＋3.0·L^-16-BA,诱导率75.61%,平均不定芽个数4.98;叶柄诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS＋0.3·L^-1NAA＋1.0·L^-16-BA,诱导率47.2%;带芽茎段诱导不定芽的最适培养基为MS＋0.5·L^-1NAA＋1.0·L^-16-BA,诱导率81.27%。     

蚊净香草叶片离体培养研究

以蚊净香草(Pelargonium graveolens L'herit)不同叶龄的叶片为外植体进行离体培养,结果表明,只有成熟的叶片可诱导形成愈伤组织,培养基MS 6-BA 1.00mg/L NAA 0.20mg/L最适于愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽分化和丛生芽的增殖,培养基MS NAA 0.20 mg/L最适合根系诱导及幼苗生长.