Morphological responses of bedding plants to three greenhouse temperature regimes

Seedling crops of gazania, geranium, marigold, mimulus, pansy, verbena and vinca were grown to 60% anthesis in three greenhouse temperature regimes: (a) 26 °C day/6 ± 3 °C night (LT), with a 16.5 °C mean daily temperature (MDT), (b) 26 °C day/17 ± 4 °C night, with a 21 °C MDT, and (c) variable day/night temperatures in response to heating and cooling by a phase change material energy storage module (PCM) with an 8 ± 2 °C night and a 16 °C MDT. Crops bloomed from 2 to 17 days earlier in the 26 °C/17 °C greenhouse. The morphological characteristics of all cultivars of gazania, mimulus, pansy and verbena, geranium and vinca were similar regardless of greenhouse temperature regime. Marigold diploid and triploid cultivars and mimulus were morphologically more variable than the other bedding plant species. Crops grown in the PCM and LT greenhouses had virtually identical morphological characteristics and bloomed in about the same number of days. Plant height was not affected by DIF environments in the greenhouses. The PCM and LT greenhouses had a similar MDT, but the distribution of numbers of hours of mean daily temperatures was different.     

紫叶加拿大紫荆组织培养研究

研究了外植体采集时间,不同质量浓度的6-BA、NAA、蔗糖以及不同部位茎段对紫叶加拿大紫荆增殖生长的影响,并初步研究了基本培养基I、BA、NAA对生根的影响。结果表明,紫叶加拿大紫荆外植体最佳的采集时期为5月;其增殖培养基为WPM+6-BA 1.5～2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,增殖系数最高达3.3;带愈伤组织的下部茎段的增殖效果好于不带愈伤组织上部茎段,上部茎段在高质量浓度的6-BA中增殖效果好;基本培养基、IBA质量浓度、NAA质量浓度对生根率有影响,最佳的配比是MS+IBA 5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L。     

Ultrastructural Analysis of Electrofused Protoplasts from Pansy and Wild Viola by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Summary

Ultrastructural changes during the fusion of the protoplasts isolated from wild viola callus (without chloroplasts) and pansy mesophyll cells (with chloroplasts) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of pansy protoplasts in the fusion products was proved by the presence of chloroplasts lying beneath the plasma membrane identified by SEM. Involvement of pansy chloroplasts in the fusion products was confirmed by TEM. Thus it was possible to distinguish between viola protoplasts and pansy protoplasts by SEM. During the process of protoplast fusion, adhesion of two protoplasts, the rupture and recovery of the membrane between them, and a single-paired spherical fusion body were clearly observed by SEM using our preparation method. Fused protoplasts divided and a microcolony was produced.     

三色堇引种栽培试验

对沈阳地区引进的6个三色堇品系(大花、花脸、水晶、美国丽人、英国帝王、日本神童)进行栽培试验,观察其播种出苗情况和茎、叶、花等植物学性状。结果表明,三色堇出苗率除品种LRB外,其余均可以达到50%以上,尤其是LRW、LRX和DWY的出苗率最高,达100%。种子出苗后均能正常生长和开花,但是大花、花脸及丽人系列抗病能力较弱,易发生病害;神童系列花径特别大,且具有艳丽的条状或块状色斑,抗病性比较强;水晶系列花径小,观赏效果好,具有推广价值。     

紫叶加拿大紫荆试管苗两步生根培养技术研究

为了解决紫叶加拿大紫荆试管苗生根难题,提高其生根率和生根质量,以紫叶加拿大紫荆试管苗为试验材料,采用两步生根法,研究了诱导时间、IBA和NAA质量浓度、苗高及继代周期对生根的影响。结果表明,继代周期为30 d、长度超过4 cm的试管苗,在附加IBA 5 mg/L和NAA0.5 mg/L的1/2MS培养基上,黑暗诱导11 d后转入空白培养基进行光照培养30 d,生根率最高可达95.4%,生根数为7.71条,根长达到3.56 cm。     

三色堇叶片叶绿素质量分数、气孔特征及光合特性

以4个不同地区来源的三色堇品种08-H2(荷兰)2、29-18(酒泉)、EP1(上海)和ZMY2-1(郑州)为试材,研究了其叶片叶绿素质量分数、气孔特征对光强和CO2的响应特性。结果表明:①4个三色堇品种叶片叶绿素a的质量分数平均为1.06 mg/g,叶绿素b为1.93 mg/g。品种EP1的叶绿素b的质量分数显著高于ZMY2-1,4个品种在叶绿素a的质量分数上无差异。②三色堇叶片气孔密度平均为97.09个/mm2,气孔大小为17.74μm×12.31μm,品种间无显著差异。③三色堇的光饱和点和光补偿点较高,具有阳生C3植物的特点。08-H2的高光饱和点,显示其为强阳性品种。EP1的光饱和点和光补偿点均最低,显示其具有一定的耐弱光性。④各品种的CO2饱和点均达到设定的CO2摩尔分数的最大值(2 000μmol.mol-1),08-H2的CO2补偿点最低、羧化效率最高,显示其Rubisco的羧化活性较高。     

不同施肥水平对三色堇根冠比和壮苗指数的影响

采用随机完全区组设计,对不同施肥条件下三色堇有机基质穴盘苗的根冠比和壮苗指数进行了较系统的研究。施用氮肥后,与对照相比,三色堇穴盘苗根冠比和壮苗指数显著变小。4 g/L和8 g/L的氮肥施用量对三色堇穴盘苗根冠比的影响没有显著的差异。4 g/L和8 g/L的氮肥施用量对地下部都产生了胁迫作用,两水平施肥量对根系的抑制程度大致相等。磷钾肥对三色堇幼苗根冠比的影响没有规律性且不显著,但磷钾肥使三色堇穴盘苗的壮苗指数有一定程度的降低。与对照相比,微肥施用后各苗龄在施肥后显著增加了三色堇穴盘苗的根冠比值,但对三色堇穴盘苗的壮苗指数却无明显影响。     

三色堇观赏性状的主成分分析

以33个三色堇品种为试材,采用性状相关及主成分分析方法对其8个主要观赏性状进行分析,同时对品种的观赏性进行评价.结果表明,三色堇的花数与分枝数之间,适中株高与冠幅/株高之间呈较高的正相关性,而花径与花数、分枝数之间呈较高的负相关性.主成分分析可将原8个性状综合为4个主成分,可称为覆花因子、株型因子、花比例因子和花色因子,其累计贡献率可达89.1%.以4个主成分的贡献率为权重建立观赏性评价模型,可将33个品种分成4个等级,其中9、10、33号品种最优.     

加拿大紫荆‘森林火焰’组培快繁技术研究

以紫叶加拿大紫荆（Cercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’）当年生嫩枝为试验材料,探讨不同培养基和植物生长调节剂如6-BA、IBA、NAA、TDZ对试管苗增殖以及生根的影响。结果表明：最适增殖培养基为DKW+TDZ 0.03 mg/L+PVP 0.5 mg/L;生根培养基为1/2 MS + IBA 25 mg/L+AC 0.6 mg/L。此体系中增殖系数可达4.27,生根率73.3%。     

三色堇不同品种观赏性状的比较与评价

对三色堇品种观赏性状的比较和评价是其合理利用的基础。在对12个三色堇品种8个观赏性状调查的基础上,分别对不同品种在各观赏性状上的差异进行了比较和评价,最后采用百分制评比法对各品种进行了综合评价。结果表明:7、6、12、3号品种为双色和三色花,花色观赏性高;3、2、1、11、9号花径最大,大花优势明显;12、7、10号的花数最多,多花优势明显;10、7号冠幅大、分枝性强,丰满度好;开花指数以9号最高,其次为3、2、1号;8、10、7、4号株高适中;11、7、10号冠幅/株高大,株型较为理想。将12个品种总体评价依次分为:优(7号和10号)、良(12、9、3、2、1号)、中(8、6、5、4、11号)3级。