家鸡催乳素放射免疫测定法的建立

本文建立了测定鸡血浆样品中催乳素(chPRL) 的放射免疫测定方法。所用试剂为标准chPRL( AFP 10328B) ,碘标chPRL( AFP 4444B) ,一抗为免抗chPRL(AFP 151040789) 抗血清,二抗驴抗免IgG 抗血清。碘标采用氯胺T 改进法,减少了氯胺T 的用量,并省略了偏重亚硫酸钠的使用,碘标chPRL 比放射性为29μCi/ug 。测定的灵敏度为0-34ng/ ml, 标准曲线的ED75 、ED50 和ED25 分别为1-30 ,3-71 和10-60ng/ ml。样品批内和批间变异低于15 % 。母鸡血浆样品倍比稀释产生的结合抑制曲线与标准曲线平行;测定不同繁殖状态母鸡血浆样品chPRL 显示出显著差异且变化规律符合繁殖活动的变化。证明本方法可用于测定家鸡血浆chPRL 浓度。     

金水乌鸡PRL基因多态性研究

[目的]研究金水乌鸡PRL基因多态性,为金水乌鸡的保种和持续选育与提高积累分子基础数据。[方法]采用PCR-RFLP方法研究金水乌鸡白羽丝毛系165只乌鸡PRL基因多态性,分别采用HaeⅢ和HhaⅠ2种内切酶对各DNA样品的PCR产物进行单酶切,分析基因型与产蛋数的相关。[结果]金水乌鸡PRL基因的PCR产物的HhaⅠ酶切片段未出现多态性。金水乌鸡PRL基因的PCR产物的HaeⅢ酶切片段呈现RFLP多态性,有AA、AB、BB3种基因型,A基因频率较高。相关分析结果表明,不同基因型的产蛋数差异不显著。[结论]A基因可能是影响产蛋数的优势基因。     

高邮鸭PRL基因内含子1的SNP检测及其与产蛋性状的相关分析

利用PCR—RFLP技术对高邮鸭催乳素（Prolactin，PRL）基因内含子1进行了SNP检测和测序分析，并对该基因与高邮鸭产蛋性状的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：PRL基因内含子1存在两个Dra Ⅰ酶切位点，其中1个位点具有DraⅠ多态性。该位点由于在1326位点发生了T→C的碱基突变，产生了AA、AB和BB3种基因型。基因型BB和等位基因B的频率最高；BB基因型个体30周龄蛋重极显著高于AB基因型个体（P〈0．01）；AB基因型个体的双黄率显著高于BB基因型个体（P〈0．05）；3种基因型间产蛋数、最长连产天数和开产体重无显著差异。     

番鸭就巢期生殖激素水平的变化规律

对番鸭就巢期不同时间的血浆生殖激素水平进行测试,揭示了不同就巢时间血浆生殖激素浓度变化的规律,并对就巢与激素之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明:(1)抱窝期血浆PRL含量(0.68±0.11ng/mL)极显著高于醒抱期的含量(0.33±0.04ng/mL)(P<0.01);(2)醒抱前后血浆LH含量差异很大,醒抱后LH含量(33.17±15.49mIU/mL)极显著高于抱窝期含量(5.56±1.99mIU/mL)(P<0.01);(3)抱窝期血浆E2含量(0.9±0.65ng/mL)极显著低于醒抱期含量(1.9±1.17ng/mL)(P<0.01);(4)PRL与LH、PRL与E2、LH与E2之间的相关系数分别为-0.923、-0.666和0.641。     

泌乳奶山羊非繁殖季节诱发发情研究

奶山羊具有明显的季节性发情的特点,在非繁殖季节里,泌乳母羊体内的催乳素水平要高于繁殖季节,从而抑制了卵巢的生理机能。本研究采用具有抑制催乳素分泌作用的溴隐亭(CB-154,Parlodel)药物来降低母羊体内的催乳素水平,配合使用促性腺激素,提高泌乳母羊的诱发发情率,使配种后不返情率达到80％(28/35)。     

牛垂体细胞体外培养条件下催乳素分泌的调节—TRH、 GnRH、LH和PRL的影响

利用牛垂体细胞体外无血清培养技术,研究了促甲状腺素释放素(TRH)、促性腺激素释放素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)对牛垂体细胞PRL分泌的调节。细胞在培养箱内预培养24小时后开始各项处理,以后隔24小时采集培养液一次,并换新的相同处理的培养液。结果表明:GnRH和TRH在第一次处理时均能显著增加PRL的分泌。加入1、10、100ng/ml的GnRH可使PRL分泌量分别增加53％(P<0.05)、111％(P<0.01)和60％(P<0.01),而TRH只有在10、100ng/ml的剂量时明显引起PRL释放增加(P<0.01)。第二次处理时细胞对TRH的反应消失,但对GnRH的反应却发生了逆转,PRL分别降低了70％(P<0.05)、68％(P<0.05)和73％(P<0.05)。表明GnRH和TRH在培养初期具有促进垂体细胞释放PRL的作用。LH(1、10、100ng/ml)对牛垂体细胞PRL的分泌无影响。但LH和TRH合用时,100ng/ml LH可明显地降低由TRH引起的PRL分泌(P<0.05)。PRL本身对牛垂体细胞的分泌有自我调节作用,100、1000ng/ml的PRL处理细胞使其分泌的PRL显著下降,分别降低70％(P<0.05)和100％(P<0.001)。此外1000ng/ml的PRL可显著地抑制由GnRH在第一次处理时引起的PRL释放。本实验在垂体细胞水平说明多种激素对PRL的分泌调节具有调控作用。     

Effects of photoperiod on salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relation between salsolinol (SAL)‐induced prolactin (PRL) release and photoperiod in goats. A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of SAL was given to adult female goats under short (8 h light, 16 h dark) or long (16 h light, 8 h dark) photoperiod conditions at two different ambient temperatures (20°C or 5°C), and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared to that of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) or a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist, sulpiride. SAL, as well as TRH or sulpiride, stimulated the release of PRL promptly after each injection in both 8‐ and 16‐h daily photoperiods at 20°C (P < 0.05). The area under the response curve (AUC) of PRL for the 60‐min period after injections of saline (controls), SAL, TRH and sulpiride in the 16‐h daily photoperiod group was greater than each corresponding value in the 8‐h daily photoperiod group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the AUC of PRL among the values produced after the injection of SAL, TRH and sulpiride in 16‐h daily photoperiod group; however, the values produced after the injection of TRH were smallest among the three in the 8‐h daily photoperiod group (P < 0.05). The PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, TRH and sulpiride under a short and long photoperiod condition at 5°C resembled those at 20°C. These results show that a long photoperiod highly enhances the PRL‐releasing response to SAL as well as TRH or sulpiride in either medium or low ambient temperature in goats.     

Effects of photoperiod on secretory patterns of growth hormone in adult male goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of photoperiod on secretory patterns of growth hormone (GH) in male goats. Adult male goats were kept at 20°C with an 8‐h or 16‐h light photoperiod, and secretory patterns of GH secretion were compared. In addition, plasma profiles of prolactin (PRL), insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and testosterone (T) were also examined to characterize GH secretion. GH was secreted in a pulsatile manner. There was no significant difference in pulse frequency between the 8‐h and 16‐h photoperiods. However, GH pulse amplitude tended to be greater in the group with the 16‐h photoperiod (P = 0.1), and mean GH concentrations were significantly greater in the 16‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). The GH‐releasing response to GH releasing hormone was greater in the 16‐h than 8‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). Plasma PRL and IGF‐I levels were higher in the 16‐h than 8‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). In contrast, plasma T levels were lower in the 16‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). These results show that a long light photoperiod enhances the secretion of GH as well as PRL and IGF‐I, but reduces plasma T concentrations in male goats.     

回乳期奶牛血清PRL、E2、P4和STAT5含量的变化规律

为探究回乳期奶牛血清中促乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)、信号转导和转录激活因子5(STAT5)含量和产奶量变化规律及其相关性,选择规模化奶牛场产奶量为(15.43±0.60)kg,将干乳的妊娠后期奶牛20头为研究对象。干乳开始当天记为第0天,分别在第0、1、3、5、7、9和11天上午8:00采集奶牛尾静脉血,ELISA法检测血清中PRL、E2、P4和STAT5含量并对结果进行统计学处理,分析其在奶牛回乳过程中的变化规律及其相关性。结果表明:回乳期奶牛血清PRL含量和产奶量在0~1d变化不显著(P0.05),3~11d依次降低且差异极显著(P0.01);血清E2含量0~1d、3~5、7~9d、9~11d之间差异均不显著(P0.05),依次呈阶梯式下降趋势;血清STAT5含量同样呈下降趋势,回乳0~5d、7~11d差异不显著(P0.05),但0~5d与7~11d两阶段间差异极显著(P0.01);血清P4含量从回乳0~11d变化不显著(P0.05);回乳期奶牛产奶量与PRL、E2、STAT5含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),PRL、E2和STAT5含量变化两两间均呈极显著正相关(P0.01);P4含量变化与PRL、E2、STAT5含量和产奶量变化的相关性均不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,在奶牛回乳期间,血清中PRL、E2和STAT5含量均呈降低趋势并显著正相关,而P4含量变化不显著且与其他激素无显著相关性,为进一步研究泌乳相关激素调控奶牛回乳的作用机理提供理论依据。     

白色杜洛克×二花脸F_2资源群体中催乳素(PRL)和催乳素受体(PRLR)基因与母猪杀婴行为和产仔数关联性研究

【目的】研究PRL、PRLR基因在白色杜洛克×二花脸F2资源群体中的遗传变异及其与母猪杀婴行为和产仔数的关联性。【方法】PRL基因的g.1317TA、g.8905CT、g.9056CT位点,PRLR基因的g.1217CT、g.1283CA、g.1439GA、g.1528GA和g.1600TA位点采用SNaPshot法对资源群体所有F0、F1和288头F2母猪进行基因型判定,分别利用传递不平衡检测(TDT)和最小二乘法分析这些位点与母猪杀婴行为和产仔性状的关联性。【结果】TDT分析发现,PRL和PRLR基因所有检测SNP位点,无论基因型还是单倍型均与母猪杀婴行为无显著相关。与母猪产仔数相关性分析表明:PRLR基因5个SNP位点的基因型及单倍型与总产仔数、产活仔数、产死胎数、断奶仔猪数和断奶窝重均未达到显著相关;PRL基因的3个SNP位点与母猪的总产仔数和产活仔数达到显著相关(P0.05),单倍型ACC个体的总产仔数(P=0.0005)和产活仔数(P=0.001)极显著低于其它单倍型个体;单倍型TTT个体的产活仔数显著高于其它单倍型个体(P=0.003)。【结论】白色杜洛克×二花脸F2资源群体中,PRL、PRLR基因与母猪杀婴行为无关联性,PRL基因与母猪总产仔、产活仔数显著相关。