Osmolarity,cell volume and proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the relationship between osmolarity, cell volume and cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT method was applied to detect the proliferation ability of the poorly-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell (CNE-2Z) under various osmolarity conditions. The flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle distribution. Cell volume was obtained by the image analysis of living cells and cell viability was determined by the trypan blue assay. RESULTS: Cultivation of cells under the hypertonic conditions of 370 and 440 mOsmol/L increased cell volume by 8.7% and 27.8% and facilitated cell proliferation by 22.2% and 33.9%, respectively. However, hypotonic incubation of cells with osmolarity of 160 and 230 mOsmol/L decreased cell volume by 12.8% and 4.1% and inhibited cell proliferation by 34.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Cell volume was positively correlated with cell proliferation rate. Long-term cultivation of cells under anisotonic conditions did not significantly alter cell cycle distribution, but hypotonic cultivation decreased cell viability. CONCLUSION: Proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was closely correlated with the osmolarity of culture medium and cell volume. Hypotonic cultivation may inhibit cell proliferation by decreasing cell volume to facilitate cell death mechanisms.     

渗透胁迫对玉米幼苗叶片不同形态多胺含量的影响

用高压液相色谱法，研究了玉米品种农大108（抗旱性较强）和掖单13（抗旱性较弱）幼苗叶片中游离态(free, f)、酸可溶性共价结合态(AS-conjugated)和酸不溶性共价结合态(AIS-bound) 多胺（polyamine, PA）与渗透胁迫的关系。结果发现，渗透胁迫7 d，农大108的fSpd和fSpm的含量显著(P＜0.05)上升，而掖单13的fPut的升幅显著(P＜0.05)。用S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶（SAMDC）抑制剂甲基乙二醛-双（鸟嘌呤腙）（MGBG）处理农大108，显著抑制了渗透胁迫诱导的fSpd和fSpm的增加，并且加重了渗透胁迫伤害，用外源Spd处理掖单13，则显著促进了渗透胁迫诱导的fSpd和fSpm的增加，并且减缓了渗透胁迫的伤害。渗透胁迫下，农大108幼苗叶片中AS-conjugated-PA和AIS-bound-PA的上升幅度都显著大于掖单13。用转谷氨酰胺酶（TGase）抑制剂菲咯啉(o-Phen)处理，则抑制了渗透胁迫诱导的AIS-bound-PA含量的上升，并加重了渗透胁迫的伤害。上述结果说明，玉米幼苗叶片中的fSpd、fSpm、AS-conjugated-PA和AIS-bound-PA的升高有利于增强幼苗的抗渗透性。     

外源硅调控葡萄生理特性对低温胁迫的响应

本研究以大田葡萄品种‘梅鹿辄’为试材,采用大田喷施硅酸钾与室内低温处理相结合的方法,测定不同温度下葡萄叶片生理指标的变化,研究外源硅酸钾调控葡萄生理特性对低温胁迫的响应,探讨其提高葡萄抗寒性可能的作用机制。结果表明:低温胁迫下葡萄Inv活性被抑制,而其它指标则升高;喷施硅酸钾可显著降低低温胁迫下葡萄叶片的MDA含量,且当硅酸钾浓度为0.75%时对低温的损伤缓解作用最大;而脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量、Inv、SPS活性及SS净活性均随硅酸钾浓度的升高而显著提高,但是可溶性蛋白含量在硅酸钾浓度为0.50%时最大,其它指标均在浓度为0.75%时最大;通过葡萄叶片各抗寒指标的隶属度值与综合评价指标看出,始花期0.75%的硅酸钾处理后葡萄抗寒性最强。综合分析,喷施硅酸钾可提高低温胁迫下葡萄叶片渗透调节物质含量,加快蔗糖转运及代谢速率,缓解活性氧累积,增强其耐寒性。     

盐胁迫对不同玉米品种幼苗渗透调节物质的影响

以辽宁玉米主栽品种丹玉103、京科301、丹玉99、丹玉201、金刚35、郑单958、瑞盛512、丹玉603、辽单145为试验材料,测定不同浓度盐溶液胁迫对各玉米品种幼苗脯氨酸、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。试验结果表明:随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,所有玉米品种幼苗的脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量均有所增加,可溶性蛋白含量均有所降低;上述9个玉米品种中,丹玉103、京科301、丹玉99属强耐盐品种;丹玉603、辽单145属中度耐盐品种;丹玉201、金刚35、郑单958、瑞盛512属弱耐盐品种。     

外源钙对NaCl胁迫下西瓜幼苗生长的缓解效应研究

[目的]阐明外源钙对NaCl胁迫下西瓜幼苗生长的缓解效应.[方法]在向培养西瓜幼苗的营养液中添加100 mmol/L NaCl模拟盐胁迫的同时,添加CaSO4使Ca2+浓度分别达到4、6、10和14 mmol/L.处理10天后对西瓜幼苗的生长和生理指标进行测定,包括株高、茎粗、单株叶片数、植株最大叶的叶长和叶宽、鲜重、干重、丙二醛(MDA)含量、质膜相对透性、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量等.[结果]100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫显著抑制了西瓜幼苗的生长,使叶片质膜透性、MDA含量显著增加,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸含量也不同程度增加;外源CaSO4可影响NaCl胁迫下幼苗的生长和生理指标,并有明显的浓度效应,其中6 mmol/L Ca2+处理显著促进了NaCl胁迫下幼苗的生长,使叶片质膜透性、MDA含量显著降低,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸含量显著增加.[结论]外源CaSO4可通过增强抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力,减轻胁迫造成的膜脂过氧化伤害,缓解NaCl胁迫对西瓜幼苗生长的抑制,且以6 mmol/L Ca2+处理的缓解效果最好.     

渗透胁迫下烟草叶片基因的差异表达研究

为了解干旱胁迫下烟草的抗旱机制,采用拟南芥基因芯片检测了PEG渗透胁迫（－1.2 MPa）48 h后烟草叶片中基因表达的变化。在31 182个基因微矩阵点中,有效差异表达（ratio值≥2或≤0.5）的基因为135个,上调50个,下调85个。其中包括一些具有防御功能的上调表达基因如两个普遍胁迫蛋白（USP）和与渗透调节物质海藻糖合成有关的基因ATTPS11及多个参与复制、转录和翻译等过程的基因MAPKK、bZIP、锌指蛋白、组蛋白His1-3、脱水响应DREB转录因子、WRKY转录因子家族、分子伴侣等,MAPKK具最大上调幅度,为3.94倍（序列号为At1g51660）。而参与光合作用的6个PSⅠ的光捕获复合体中lhca3和PSⅡ的光捕获复合体中核编码基因的lcb1、lcb2、lcb5、lcb6、lcb4.2的基因表达下调。还检测到38个未知基因,它们的差异表达可能跟渗透胁迫诱导有关,是我们下一步研究的重点。通过分析这些特异表达基因,揭示出一些潜在的生物学规律,为研究烟草逆境生理学提供了有价值的信息。     

植物抗旱菌群的应用及其潜在的抗旱机制

抗旱微生物制剂是利用具有促进植物生长和抗旱功能的微生物协助植物应对干旱胁迫的一种生产成本低、可持续发展和对环境友好的生物制品,抗旱微生物制剂中合成菌群的作用效果较单个菌株的作用效果更强,且抗旱效果更稳定。结合近年来抗旱菌群的研究进展,将其主要划分为以下3类：细菌型抗旱菌群、细菌与真菌混合型抗旱菌群以及真菌型抗旱菌群,它们主要通过渗透调节、诱导植物产生抗氧化酶以及促进植物生长等机制,协助植物抵御干旱胁迫。因此,本文综述了菌群在植物应对干旱胁迫中的应用以及缓解干旱胁迫的作用机制,并对未来菌群的研究与应用推广进行展望。     

渗透胁迫对玉米幼苗根尖线粒体ATPase活性与结合态多胺含量的影响

[目的]探讨线粒体膜上结合态多胺与渗透胁迫的关系。[方法]以抗旱性不同的玉米(Zea maysL.)品种农大108(抗旱性较强)和掖单13(抗旱性较弱)幼苗为材料,研究在聚乙二醇(PEG)-6000渗透胁迫下,幼苗根线粒体ATPase水解活性与膜上非共价结合态亚精胺(Spd)含量的关系。[结果]渗透胁迫条件下,抗性强的农大108的ATPase活性下降的幅度明显小于抗性弱的品种掖单13,而农大108的线粒体膜上非共价结合亚精胺的上升幅度明显大于掖单13。外源Spd处理,明显促进了掖单13在胁迫条件下非共价结合Spd含量的增加,同时抑制其在胁迫条件下ATPase活性的降低,从而提高了掖单13幼苗的抗性;Spd生物合成的专一性抑制剂——甲基乙二醛-双(鸟嘌呤腙)(MGBG)处理,显著抑制了农大108在胁迫条件下膜上非共价结合Spd的增加,同时促进其在胁迫条件下ATPase活性的降低,从而明显降低了农大108幼苗的抗性。[结论]线粒体膜上的非共价结合的Spd可能通过维持ATPase活性的稳定来提高玉米幼苗的抗渗透胁迫能力。     

Irrigation restriction effects on water use efficiency and osmotic adjustment in Aloe Vera plants (Aloe barbadensis Miller)

Aloe barbadensis Miller, known as Aloe Vera, requires limited irrigation depending on the capacity of the soil to retain humidity, since it is a CAM species and thus naturally adapted to conditions of dryness and high temperatures. Therefore, we postulated that plants of Aloe Vera plants under conditions of water deficit should improve their water use efficiency (WUE) by performing osmotic adjustment (OA) with a temporal correlation between WUE and OA. The objective of the investigation was to determine the effect of water restriction on the WUE and OA of A. barbadensis under different water treatments. 18-month old Aloe Vera plants were cultivated in pots with a soil substrate that was a mixture of equal parts of sand and organic matter with 18% of FC and 9% of permanent wilting point. To determine the effects of the soil humidity on plant WUE and OA, four treatments were arranged in a complete random design with four repetitions; these were 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of FC, which correspond to an evatranspiration of 11.4, 9.6, 4.0 and 1.7 L per plant, respectively. The water treatments were maintained by frequent irrigation. The following variables were determined: dry matter, leaf water potential, relative water content (RWC), amount of gel produced, sap flow, proline content, soluble and total sugars and oligo and polyfructans. Aloe Vera increased WUE with increasing water deficit; the sap flow rate decreased with water restrictions, and the plants performed osmotic adjustment by increasing the synthesis of proline, soluble and total sugars as well as the amounts of oligo and polyfructans, mainly polymers of β-(2 → 6) kestotriose, changing from the inulin type to the neofructan type. The plants most and less irrigated (100% and 25% of FC) were the groups with lowest WUE. The plants irrigated with 75% of FC presented the best WUE in terms of dry mass and amount of gel produced by a litre of supplied water.     

干旱胁迫下施钾水平与烟草叶片主要渗透调节物质的关系

采用砂培法对不同钾浓度处理下的烤烟NC89(Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. NC89)进行不同程度干旱胁迫,测定了株高、生物量等生长指标和主要渗透调节物质钾离子、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质及游离脯氨酸含量等生理指标,研究钾与其他渗透调节物质的关系.结果表明:轻度干旱胁迫下,高钾可使植株生长受胁迫程度得到缓解;重度干旱胁迫下,高钾则加重干旱胁迫对植株造成的损害;轻度干旱胁迫下随钾浓度升高烟草叶片钾含量有下降趋势,胁迫后期下降明显,而重度干旱胁迫下,高钾浓度能够增加烟草叶片钾含量;随着干旱胁迫时间推移可溶性糖含量先升高再降低,可溶性蛋白质含量持续上升,而游离脯氨酸含量先下降后上升.相关分析表明,干旱胁迫下钾与可溶性糖含量相关性不显著,与游离脯氨酸含量呈负相关性;而与可溶性蛋白质含量间呈极显著正相关.