The bionomics ofLiriomyza Trifolii on Gypsophila and Bean Leaves

A study was carried out to determine the distribution of feeding and oviposition punctures made byLiriomyza trifolii Burgess on gypsophila(Gypsophila paniculata ) and bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves, and the development times of the immature stages on these plants. The absolute number of punctures per leaf area was much greater on bean leaves than on gypsophila leaves. The number of mines per leaf was also higher on beans than on gypsophila, but the ratio of mines/punctures was higher on gypsophila. Gypsophila leaves were punctured on both sides, but most of the punctures were on the distal third of the upper leaf side. On beans the punctures were dispersed uniformly on the upper side of the leaf. The larval period (±SE) at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C was 9.9±0.2, 4.4±0.1 and 3.7±0.1, and 5.5±O. l, 3.7±0.1 and 2.4±0.1 days, on gypsophila and bean, respectively. The pupal period at 17, 20, 25 and 30°C lasted 19.9±0.2, 14.7±0.1, 10.4±0.1 and 7.8±0.1 days, respectively.     

Effects of gamma radiation on the immature stages ofLiriomyza Trifolii

The effects of γ-radiation on the immature stages ofLiriomyza trifolii Burgess were studied with doses of 2000-25 Gy. The high doses were lethal to all stages. At doses of 750 Gy or less, larvae survived to pupate, but their number was reduced and the majority were either dead or deformed and did not give rise to adults. Eggs and prepupae were more susceptible to radiation than other stages. Larval radiosensitivity decreased with progressing instar, and pupal sensitivity decreased with increasing age. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2922-E, 1990 series.     

GC-MS法分析霞草挥发油中的化学组分

分别采用索氏提取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取霞草(Oldham gypsophila)中的挥发油,用GC-MS分析比较了提取物中的化学成分。结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏法和索氏提取法所得提取物中主要成分分别为75和85种,不同提取方法获得的霞草挥发油的化学组成不同,为进一步研究开发霞草资源提供了科学依据。     

同时蒸馏萃取法提取霞草挥发油的GC-MS分析

[目的]采用GC-MS分析法测定同时蒸馏萃取法提取的霞草挥发油中化学成分含量。[方法]采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取霞草中的挥发油,然后运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析萃取物,利用峰面积归一化法确定挥发性组分的相对含量。[结果]从霞草的挥发油中共鉴定出61种主要挥发性成分,其中乙基异丙基醚(12.446 5%)、3-甲基-2-环氧基甲醇(11.878 5%)和2-甲基萘(9.358 6%)是构成霞草挥发性物质的主要成分。[结论]该研究为霞草的进一步开发和利用提供了科学依据。     

霞草红树莓复合饮料的研制

[目的]以霞草和红树莓为主要原料,研制霞草红树莓复合饮料。[方法]采用正交试验确定霞草汁的最佳浸提条件、复合饮料最佳配方和复合稳定剂的添加量。[结果]霞草汁最佳浸提条件为料液比1∶1（g/ml）,pH值7,浸提时间5h,浸提温度90℃。最佳配方为霞草汁用量50%（V/V）,红树莓汁用量30%（V/V）,白砂糖添加量45g/L,柠檬酸添加量0.5g/L,在此配方下复合稳定剂的最佳配比为黄原胶10.04mg/ml,柠檬酸三钠0.12mg/ml。[结论]在最佳条件下生产的复合饮料,经感官审评、理化指标和微生物指标检验均合格,故霞草红树莓复合饮料口感好、风味独特、工艺简单,含有丰富的营养成分,并且有药用价值和保健功能,具有较好的推广价值。