Black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) are an abundant mesopredator on farmlands (croplands and rangelands) across South Africa. Given their adaptability in a changing anthropogenic landscape, knowledge of spatial movements can provide important ecological information on the species. We captured, collared and monitored five black-backed jackals in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal to determine their home range and habitat use in farmlands. The 95% fixed kernel (95% FK) home range sizes were large, showing a marked seasonal variation in movement. One adult male dispersed 150?km over two seasons (winter and spring) and thereafter settled into a home range that it maintained. Transient home ranges of males and juveniles were larger than resident home ranges. The mean resident home ranges (95% FK) across seasons for adult males, adult female and juvenile males were 11.4 ± 4.3 km2, 5.6 ± 0.36?km2 and 2.15 ± 0.45?km2, respectively. The mean transient home ranges (95% FK) of all the seasons for adult and juvenile males were 1 181.93 ± 575.81 km2 and 104.27 ± 35.64?km2, respectively. Adult jackal preferred croplands in spring, summer and autumn but avoided croplands in winter. Variable habitat use and large home ranges in our study confirmed the species’ ability to adapt to agricultural areas. 相似文献
对引进的2个日本山桐子种源(产地A ich i pref,Nara-Ken)和国内山桐子种源作对照进行了育苗试验,并进行苗期生长规律的研究。结果表明:在北亚热带的南京江宁区试验地能正常发育,种子发育需经去蜡等方法进行技术处理,在温室条件下,需35~40 d形成幼苗。国内种源发芽率为17.8%、A ich i pref种源达23.5%、Nara-Ken种源达23.8%,引进种源分别高出国内当地种源5.7%和6.0%。苗期物候无显著差异;苗期生长在生长期内均表现慢—快—慢的变化规律,于11月中下旬生长趋于停止。1年生平均苗高当地种源为86.0 cm,A ich i pref种源95.2 cm,Nara-Ken种源99.4 cm,引种种源分别高出国内当地种源10.7%和15.6%。平均地径当地种源为1.44 cm,A ich i pref种源为1.60 cm,Nara-Ken为1.66 cm分别高出国内当地种源11.1%和15.3%。 相似文献
The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether post-ejection udder massage 1–2 weeks pp (post partum) had an effect on the amount of mammary tissue and milk production in the domestic sow.
The nursing behaviour of 35 primiparous LYL or YLY sows and their litters was followed on days 7 and 14 pp. The milk production was measured by the weigh–suckle–weigh method of the whole litter on days 11 and 18 pp. After weaning on day 28 pp, the sows were slaughtered and the mammary tissue excised and weighed.
No significant correlations were found between the duration of post-ejection udder massage and the subsequent milk production. LYL sows had more mammary tissue (P < 0.05) and their piglets spent more time performing post-ejection udder massage compared to the YLY sows (P < 0.01). Individual variation was found in the proportion of time that the sows were lying on either their right or left side. The weight of the mammary tissue from the left side was positively affected by the amount of udder massage (pre- and post-ejection massage) that the sows had received while lying on the right side relative to the amount that she had received while lying on the left side on day 7 pp (P < 0.01).
In conclusion, the intensity of udder massage influenced the amount of mammary tissue at slaughter. The genotype of the sow affected the expression of nursing behaviour and milk production. No connection was found between post-ejection udder massage and the measures of milk production 1–2 weeks pp. Finally, feeding during the last half of gestation affected the nursing behaviour. 相似文献