灵芝发酵产物对感染PCV-2病毒断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本研究以深层发酵灵芝为原料,评估灵芝发酵产物对感染猪圆环病毒-2(PCV-2)断奶仔猪生长发育及免疫功能的影响.试验1:选择160头21 d断奶的仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪.各组分别在基础日粮中添加0、50、100和150 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物.试验2:将120头21 d断奶的仔猪随机分为2组...     

投喂率对凡纳对虾中间培育生长、生理和水环境的影响

中间培育是凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)养殖的重要阶段,投喂率是影响此阶段养殖成效的重要参数。本研究开展为期30 d的养殖实验,研究3组投喂率(投喂率分别为体重的5%、7.5%、10%,分别命名为T5、T7.5和T10)对凡纳对虾中间培育养殖水质、微生物群落结构、非特异性免疫指标及生长性能的影响。实验期间,水体pH、盐度、温度及溶解氧均保持在适宜对虾生长的范围内。结果显示,随着实验进行,总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝态氮(NO2–-N)和化学需氧量(COD)浓度出现上升趋势,实验结束时,其浓度随投喂率升高呈现显著差异：T10>T7.5>T5。微生物群落结构分析表明,养殖水体的微生物群落丰富度和多样性随投喂率升高呈下降趋势,不同投喂率的优势门类均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 50.36%~67.53%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 12.09%~67.53%);在属水平上,对凡纳对虾有害的弧菌(Vibrio)相对丰度在T10组最高(37.33%)、T5组最低(0.13%);对其有益的假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas)相对丰度在T10组最低(0.28%)、T7.5组最高(9.78%)。凡纳对虾肝胰腺的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性在T10组最低、T7.5组最高(P<0.05)。T7.5和T10组对虾的体长和体重均显著大于T5组(P<0.05),但T7.5和T10组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),投喂率与存活率呈负相关,且3组间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。利用因子分析对非特异性免疫指标和生长指标进行综合评价,结果表明,T7.5组得分最高,为0.92,凡纳对虾中间培育的投喂率在7.5%左右为宜。     

干扰素研究进展

干扰素（IFN）是由干扰素诱生剂诱导生物细胞后所产生的一类高活性多功能的糖蛋白。IFN具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等生物学功能,IFN基因工程产品在临床上的应用取得了显著的成效,但是还有一些问题需要进一步的探索。     

Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

不同游泳运动对菊黄东方鲀非特异性免疫的影响

通过水槽实验法,观察了菊黄东方鲀的游泳行为,测量了其爆发游速及临界游速,同时观察了鱼体过氧化氢酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶等的活性变化,分析了游泳对菊黄东方鲀免疫力影响,为菊黄东方鲀的健康养殖及科学的增殖放流提供参考。结果表明:体长在（18.1-19.8）cm的菊黄东方鲀的临界游速在45-62cm/s,体长在（18.8-20.6）cm的菊黄东方鲀的爆发游速为（58.5-78.2）cm/s;与对照组相比,爆发游速实验组菊黄东方鲀肝脏过氧化氢酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性均高于对照实验组菊黄东方鲀（P?0.05）;临界游速实验组菊黄东方鲀溶菌酶高于对照组（P?0.05）,血液中的超氧化物歧化酶和肝脏过氧化氢酶的活性没有显著变化(P>0.05)。研究表明,急性应激反应对超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、溶菌酶的活性影响较大。     

鱼用基因工程疫苗的研究概况

鱼病的化学药物防治会导致水质恶化、水产品药物残留超标或病原体耐药性增强等弊端.随着鱼类免疫学研究以及分子生物学技术的发展,鱼用基因工程疫苗的研究受到了广泛关注.系统地解析与梳理了鱼用基因工程疫苗发展的背景、意义及疫苗类型和国内外的研究与应用现状,明确现阶段我国鱼用基因工程疫苗发展面临的挑战并提出相应的发展建议,旨在为未...     

北冬虫夏草超微粉对小鼠免疫功能的增强作用

用北冬虫夏草超微粉饲喂昆明种小鼠,观察小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和巨噬细胞吞噬能力等免疫功能的变化.结果显示:与对照(饲喂生理盐水)比较,低剂量(19.45 mg/kg)的北冬虫夏草超微粉能显著提高小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和巨噬细胞吞噬能力(P＜0.05),说明北冬虫夏草超微粉对小鼠免疫器官、细胞免疫功能和巨噬细胞功能有明显的增强作用;北冬虫夏草超微粉增强小鼠免疫功能的作用不随剂量的增加而增加.     

Effect of Discontinuous Administration of β -glucan and Glycyrrhizin on the Growth and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei

A six-week growth trial was conducted to compare the effects of different feeding strate- gies of dietary immunostimulants on the growth and immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei （4.70 ±0.20g）. Shrimps were fed with diet containing glycyrrhizin continuously, containing β -glucan continuously, discontinuously （seven days with diet containing β -gluseven days with diet without -glucan; two days with diet containing β-glucan following five days with diet without -glucan）,     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因核酸疫苗免疫小鼠体液免疫功能变化的研究

本实验对TGEV S基因核酸疫苗免疫后体液免疫功能变化进行了研究,同时比较了两种核酸疫苗单独免疫小鼠后体液免疫应答的变化,证明重组核酸疫苗诱导小鼠产生体液免疫应答。     

酵母多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫损伤大鼠的拮抗作用

为研究酵母多糖(YP)对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致免疫损伤大鼠的拮抗作用,本实验将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分为YP(50 mg/kg)+CTX组、YP(100 mg/kg)+CTX组、YP(200 mg/kg)+CTX组、CTX对照组和正常对照组。YP+CTX组按剂量灌胃并称重,CTX和正常对照组则灌胃给予等量生理盐水,连续给药10 d;在第8 d、9 d,除正常对照组外,其余4组腹腔注射CTX 100 mg/kg。第11 d采血及对相关的免疫器官组织进行检测。结果显示,YP(100 mg/kg)组平均日增重和饲料报酬比正常对照组显著增加(p<0.05);胸腺指数,血清中IgA、IgG、表皮生长因子(EGF)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量及空肠SIgA水平显著(p<0.05)或极显著(p<0.01)高于CTX对照组;结肠壁中前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量与CTX对照组相比显著降低(p<0.05)。以上结果表明,YP能提高大鼠的生长性能;YP对CTX所致免疫损伤具有一定的拮抗保护作用,其中100 mg/kg剂量的YP效果最为显著。