复合诱变选育腈水合酶高产菌株

[目的]选择有效的方法选育稳定的腈水合酶高产菌株。[方法]以Rhodococcus sp．HUST为出发菌株,采用紫外线和硫酸二乙酯对其进行复合诱变处理,选育出酶活力高的突变株进行培养并测定腈水合酶活性。[结果]菌株HUST复合诱变的条件为：出发菌株在距离为15cm时紫外诱变45s后再经1．1％的硫酸二乙酯诱变处理20min,然后进行有利突变株的筛选,通过初筛、复筛和遗传稳定性试验,获得1株遗传性状稳定的腈水合酶高产菌株HUST-1,其酶活高达698．6U,比诱变前提高了68．3％。[结论]通过紫外线和硫酸二乙酯复合诱变能选育出有较高腈水合酶活力的菌株。     

猪ECH1基因部分序列的遗传变异分析

为了进一步研究烯脂酰辅酶A水解酶1(enoyl CoA hydratase,ECH1)基因的生物学功能,研究采用克隆测序结合PCR-RFLP的方法分析了民猪ECH1基因的部分DNA序列,并对其中的1个点突变进行了3个猪种内的基因型频率和基因频率计算。结果表明:研究所检测的ECH1基因序列与网上已有序列相比存在8个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点,其中有2个造成酶切位点的改变;民猪和大白猪在PCR-RFLP-BamHⅠ位点的A、B基因频率均接近0.5,而长白猪B为优势等位基因。     

腈在肉鸡体内蓄积和分布特性及其对物质代谢的影响

用不同剂量的腈(主要为戊烯腈和已烯腩)灌服肉仔鸡,结果表明:(1)腈化物经鸡体消化吸收后,一部分转运至各组织器官蓄积,其中以肝脏为最多;另一部分经粪、尿排出体外:其余的或经生物转化成其他物质,或在代谢过程中散失。(2)随着腈股喂量的增加,动物日采食量、干物质代谢率和粗蛋白质代谢率随之下降。因此,腈明显影响功物的生长发育。(3)腈对鸡毒性作用阈剂量为每天40mg/kg,显现毒性作用的剂量范围为40～60mg/kg。     

三重诱变选育腈水合酶高产菌株

[目的]获取高产的腈水合酶产生菌。[方法]以腈水合酶产生菌诺卡氏菌（Nocardia sp.）为出发菌株,采用加热、紫外线（UV）照射、硫酸二乙酯（DES）处理三重复合诱变,研究不同诱变剂量对致死率和正突变率的影响,选育腈水合酶高产菌株,并研究底物类似物乙腈对该菌株腈水合酶活性的影响。[结果]从中筛选出1株稳定、高活力的腈水合酶生产菌,所产腈水合酶最高活性提高到1 238万U。在一定浓度下,随着底物类似物乙腈浓度的增大,菌株正突变率和所产腈水合酶最高酶活增大,但超过一定浓度后正突变率和最高酶活反而下降。[结论]获得了1株稳定的腈水合酶高产菌株,所产腈水合酶活性高达1 238万U。底物类似物乙腈对该菌株的正突变率和所产腈水合酶最高酶活性有一定的影响。     

Isolation of peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase in rainbow trout and immunochemical identification with the bifunctional enzyme

Peroxisomes are the sites for β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (PBE) enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the second and third reactions of the β-oxidation system. Originally termed PPA-80 for peroxisome-proliferation associated 80,000 MW polypeptide, PBE levels are monitored to measure peroxisome proliferation in rodents and other species. The quantity of a 79,000 MW polypeptide in the light mitochondrial fraction of the liver, as analyzed by SDS-PAGE, increases when rainbow trout are exposed to peroxisome proliferating agents. This correlates with increases in acyl-CoA oxidase activity and peroxisome volume density. In the present study, peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase was purified from trout liver and analyzed by immunoblotting with anti-PBE. A positive reaction with the 79,000 MW polypeptide band was observed providing strong evidence that this is the bifunctional enzyme.     

An Aeroplysinin-1 Specific Nitrile Hydratase Isolated from the Marine Sponge Aplysina cavernicola

A nitrile hydratase (NHase) that specifically accepts the nitrile aeroplysinin-1 (1) as a substrate and converts it into the dienone amide verongiaquinol (7) was isolated, partially purified and characterized from the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina cavernicola; although it is currently not known whether the enzyme is of sponge origin or produced by its symbiotic microorganisms. The formation of aeroplysinin-1 and of the corresponding dienone amide is part of the chemical defence system of A. cavernicola. The latter two compounds that show strong antibiotic activity originate from brominated isoxazoline alkaloids that are thought to protect the sponges from invasion of bacterial pathogens. The sponge was shown to contain at least two NHases as two excised protein bands from a non denaturating Blue Native gel showed nitrile hydratase activity, which was not observed for control samples. The enzymes were shown to be manganese dependent, although cobalt and nickel ions were also able to recover the activity of the nitrile hydratases. The temperature and pH optimum of the studied enzymes were found at 41 °C and pH 7.8. The enzymes showed high substrate specificity towards the physiological substrate aeroplysinin-1 (1) since none of the substrate analogues that were prepared either by partial or by total synthesis were converted in an in vitro assay. Moreover de-novo sequencing by mass spectrometry was employed to obtain information about the primary structure of the studied NHases, which did not reveal any homology to known NHases.     

腈水合酶产生菌的分离筛选和酶反应条件的优化

从化工废水处理厂的活性污泥中分离和筛选到一株腈水合酶产生菌HUST-1。经初步鉴定,菌株HUST-1属于红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)。对菌株(Rhodococcus sp.)HUST-1所产腈水合酶的反应条件进行研究,结果表明,该菌株的最优酶反应条件:丙烯腈加入量为5%,反应温度为28℃,pH值为7.0,反应时间为15min。在最优酶反应条件下,菌株(Rhodococcus sp.)HUST-1的最高比酶活可达119U·mg-1,比优化前提高24.5%。     

腈水合酶研究进展

该文简要阐述了腈水合酶的结构、分布、酶学性质及其基因克隆和生产中的利用形式。     

诺卡氏菌产高活力腈水合酶补料分批发酵工艺的优化

[目的]优化诺卡氏菌产腈水合酶的发酵工艺,获得高活力的腈水合酶。[方法]对诺卡氏菌(Nocardiasp.)发酵产腈水合酶过程中菌体生长、pH变化以及葡萄糖消耗对腈水合酶合成的影响进行了分析。[结果]在分批补糖工艺中,使发酵液的葡萄糖浓度维持在1.5～6 g/L,发酵结束时,发酵液酶活达到2 814.3 U/ml,是优化前的8.7倍。[结论]分批补糖工艺增加了菌生长的生物量,大大提高了诺卡氏菌的产酶水平。     

响应面法优化紫红红球菌的发酵培养基

采用响应面法优化腈水合酶产生紫红红球菌的发酵培养基。以天冬酰胺、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、酵母抽提物、脲素、氯化钴为影响因子,以菌体干质量和酶活为响应值,进行多元二次响应回归分析,结果显示,最优培养基为:天冬酰胺含量0.04%、磷酸氢二钾0.05%、磷酸二氢钾0.03%、酵母抽提物(FM818)5.48%、脲素0.55%、氯化钴0.01%;在摇瓶中进行验证试验,优化条件下菌体干质量为33.98mg·mL-1、酶活为167.57U·mL-1;对照条件下菌体干质量26.6mg·mL-1、酶活为125.63U·mL-1,此优化培养基使干质量、酶活分别提高了27.74%和33.38%。