黑小蜜蜂的蜂巢结构及产卵序研究

 作者曾对黑小蜜蜂Apis (Micrapis) andreniformis的形态、分类、酯酶同功酶作过系统研究,确立其为一个独立的蜂种,但关一其生物学研究的报道甚少。本文对黑小蜜蜂的营巢环境、蜂巢结构、产卵序进行了专题研究,并对其蜂群增长,自然分蜂等生物学问题,进行了论述。     

Termites and the soil environment

Summary Most termites use soil, together with saliva and faeces, to construct their nests. Nests may be subterranean, epigeal (mounds) or within or attached to the outside of shrubs and trees. Some termite nests are simple constructions and their internal microclimate is not much different from that in the soil. Other nests are often complex structures where temperature and humidity are closely regulated to produce a favourable environment. Above-ground nests are continually being eroded and reconstructed, which redistributes soil over the surface. The resultant disturbance of soil profiles, changes in soil texture and changes in the nature and distribution of organic matter appear to be more significant than changes in chemical properties.     

Increasing nest success in the yellow-shouldered blackbird Agelaius xanthomus in southwest Puerto Rico

The yellow-shouldered blackbird, Agelaius xanthomus, is endemic to Puerto Rico and Mona Island, and endangered since 1976 mainly because of brood parasitism by the shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis. In 1984 an artificial nest structures program was initiated, combined with the removal of M. bonariensis, to improve the reproductive success of A. xanthomus. The nesting success was high in artificial nest structures. From 1996 to 1999, 22 out of 804 nests in artificial structures and one of 203 nests in natural substrates were parasitized. The use of natural substrates increased from less than 1% (1996) to 35% (1999). Predation was the main cause of egg and chick loss and was high in natural substrates. The increase in the use of natural substrates for nesting is a trend favorable for the recovery of this species. Continued management is still needed to augment the breeding population and reproductive output.     

三江自然保护区普通鸬鹚繁殖期对筑巢树的选择

2004年3—9月中旬,在乌苏里江马圈岛对普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)繁殖期的巢址选择进行了研究。结果表明:普通鸬鹚繁殖期筑巢树种以柳树为主,筑巢柳树胸径为(12.16±1.36)cm,非筑巢柳树的胸径为(7.61±0.51)cm,筑巢柳树树高为(6.79±0.13)m,非筑巢柳树树高为(4.77±0.08)m。差异显著性检验表明,普通鸬鹚巢址偏爱草本较矮、草本盖度较小(P<0.05)和距岸边(人类干扰)距离较远的环境(P<0.01)。