排序方式: 共有62条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
NO emissions from soils and ecosystems are of outstanding importance for atmospheric chemistry. Here we review the current knowledge on processes involved in the formation and consumption of NO in soils, the importance of NO for the physiological functioning of different organisms, and for inter- and intra-species signaling and competition, e.g. in the rooting zone between microbes and plants. We also show that prokaryotes and eukaryotes are able to produce NO by multiple pathways and that unspecific enzymo-oxidative mechanisms of NO production are likely to occur in soils. Nitric oxide production in soils is not only linked to NO production by nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, but also linked to extracellular enzymes from a wide range of microorganisms.Further investigations are needed to clarify molecular mechanisms of NO production and consumption, its controlling factors, and the significance of NO as a regulator for microbial, animal and plant processes. Such process understanding is required to elucidate the importance of soils as sources (and sinks) for atmospheric NO. 相似文献
2.
试验旨在探讨白肉灵芝水提物(Ganoderma leucocontextum aqueous extracts,GLAE)对脑缺血后海马神经元的保护作用及机制。将50只健康大鼠分为对照组、模型组、GLAE低(0.05 mg/(g·BW))、中(0.1 mg/(g·BW))、高(0.2 mg/(g·BW))剂量组。利用双侧颈总动脉夹闭法建立大鼠脑缺血模型,GLAE组灌胃不同剂量的GLAE干预,对照组和模型组灌胃同体积的生理盐水,连续2周。用跳台试验方法检测记忆获得、记忆巩固和记忆再现障碍大鼠的学习记忆能力,HE染色观察大鼠海马组织的病理形态的变化,比色法检测海马组织一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)含量,Western blotting和实时荧光定量PCR法分别检测海马组织生长相关蛋白-43(growth associated protein-43,GAP-43)和脑源性神经生长因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)的水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠跳台试验的逃避潜伏期显著缩短、电击次数显著增加(P<0.05);海马神经元细胞出现明显核固缩、排列松散紊乱等退行性改变,细胞数量显著减少(P<0.05);海马组织NOS活性和NO含量均显著降低(P<0.05);大鼠海马组织GAP-43蛋白表达量显著升高(P<0.05);海马组织BDNF mRNA表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,GLAE干预后,大鼠逃避潜伏期均显著延长、电击次数均显著减少(P<0.05);GLAE高剂量组大鼠CA1区和齿状回锥体神经元细胞形态明显改善,神经元数量显著增加(P<0.05);GLAE低剂量组对NOS活性影响不明显(P>0.05),显著增加NO含量(P<0.05),GLAE中、高剂量组NOS活性和NO含量均显著升高(P<0.05);GLAE低、中、高剂量组海马组织GAP-43蛋白表达量均显著增加(P<0.05);GLAE低、中、高剂量组海马组织BDNF mRNA表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,GLAE可通过提高NOS活性和NO水平、促进海马神经发生和功能恢复对脑缺血后海马神经元损伤有一定的保护作用,从而改善大鼠认知功能,0.2 mg/g GLAE效果最好。 相似文献
3.
Roberto da Costa RP Ferreira-Dias G Mateus L Korzekwa A Andronowska A Platek R Skarzynski DJ 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,32(4):287-302
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in angiogenesis and in the regulation of the blood flow. This study was carried out to investigate (i) the effects of endogenous estrogens and progestins and exogenous progesterone (P4) (5 ng/ml or 1 μg/ml) or estradiol 17β (E2β) (50 pg/ml or 1 μg/ml) on in vitro endometrial NO synthesis; (ii) the presence of different isoforms of NO synthase; (iii) and their relationship to microvascular density in the equine endometrium during the estrous cycle. NOS expression was also evaluated in the myometrium. Expression of endothelial and inducible forms of NOS in the uterus was assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Vascular density in endometrial tissue was determined on histologic sections. In the luteal phase, compared to the follicular phase, endometrial NO production increased without exogenous hormones and with exogenous E2β (1 μg/ml). Although immunocytochemistry revealed iNOS and eNOS expression in the endometrium, no positive signal for iNOS was detected by Western blot. Endothelial NOS was observed in endometrial glands, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels. Endometrial eNOS expression was the highest in the follicular and mid-luteal phases while it was found to be the lowest in the early luteal phase. In the follicular phase, hyperplasia of endometrial tissue with respect to myometrium was detected. No difference in vascular density was present between phases. All together, NO may play some roles in both proliferative and secretory phases of endometrial development in the mare. 相似文献
4.
5.
为观察淡豆豉提取物对NO/NOS系统的影响,探讨其对2型糖尿病大鼠大血管保护作用的机制。采用高糖高脂饲料喂养加小剂量链尿佐菌素腹腔注射的方法复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,给药56 d后检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、血清胰岛素(FIN),计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI),放免法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及一氧化氮(NO)水平,RT-PCR法检测主动脉内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA表达。结果显示:淡豆豉提取物能显著降低T2DM大鼠FBG、FIN、TNF-α、NO水平,显著提高ISI,显著降低iNOS mRNA表达,对eNOS mRNA表达则无明显影响。淡豆豉提取物可影响2型糖尿病大鼠NO/NOS系统,并可能通过此途径对2型糖尿病大鼠大血管产生保护作用。 相似文献
6.
以尖膀胱螺作为试验动物,研究毒死蜱对尖膀胱螺抗氧化系统、乙酰胆碱酯酶和一氧化氮合酶的影响.通过预试验获得尖膀胱螺72 h LC50为243 μg/L,推算的安全浓度为16 μg/L,正式试验以16和121.5 μg/L浓度组分别暴露尖膀胱螺96 h.在第24、48和96 h分别取材,测定尖膀胱螺体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化情况.结果显示,在推算的安全浓度(16 μg/L)暴露后,尖膀胱螺体内MDA含量和NOS活性在各时间段变化均不明显,而SOD和AChE活性在96 h被抑制;在高浓度组(121.5 μg/L),尖膀胱螺SOD呈现先上升后下降后又有所回升的趋势,MDA水平持续上升,NOS水平被显著性诱导,AChE活性则被显著性抑制,且在48 h时抑制作用最强.试验结果表明毒死蜱对尖膀胱螺抗氧化系统和神经中枢均产生一定的影响,提示尖膀胱螺可作为毒死蜱毒理学试验模型动物,同时MDA和AChE可作为毒死蜱毒性的生物标记物. 相似文献
7.
青蒿素与青蒿水提液对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫肉鸡的疗效评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为评价青蒿素和青蒿水提液抗球虫的效果,选择体重相近20日龄黄羽肉鸡120只,随机分为健康组,病理组,青蒿组和青蒿素组4组.测定血清中一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量.结果表明,病理组抗球虫指数为52.7,青蒿组为172.6,青蒿素组为145.4;青蒿和青蒿素能够降低血清中NO和NOS含量.说明青蒿水提液和青... 相似文献
8.
9.
柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡盲肠和脾脏一氧化氮合酶的表达 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用NADPH—d(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate—diaphroase)组织化学法观察了雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳珠虫(E.tenella)后一氧化氮合酶(N0S)在盲肠和脾脏中的分布与表达情况。试验结果表明,所有正常鸡盲肠粘膜下层和肌层均有较深的着色,根据以往的资料和N0S的表达特性初步判断为神经元型N0S(nNOS);试验鸡在感染后3~5d,盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮也有较深的着色,并从感染后7d开始着色减弱;而对照组鸡盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮以及对照组和试验组的脾脏几乎不着色或着色很浅。试验结果提示,盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮的着色可能是诱导型N0S(iN0S)表达的结果,而由其产生的N0参与雏鸡球虫感染过程。 相似文献
10.
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO), an important biological messenger from L-arginine. There are considerable evidence showing the expression of NOS in mammalian tissues. Information on distribution of NOS activities in various organs and tissues of fish is rare. Non-functional NOS activities were documented in fish semi-quantitatively either by an indirect nicotine-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity histochemical staining method or by an immunohistochemical method using a cross-reacting antibody to brain NOS. Report on the functional levels of NOS activities in fish is lacking. This report represent the first attempt to document the functional NOS levels in various fish organs and tissues. Constitutive NOS (cNOS) activities in various organs of big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis) was measured by a chemiluminescence method with a detection limit as low as 10 mol of NO produced. It was found that constitutive NOS activity was highest in the brain, followed by the intestine, stomach, retina, olfactory lobe, swim bladder, skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, ovary and liver. NOS activity could not be detected in the gill filaments. Omission of NADPH in the reaction mixture caused a 57–100% decrease in cNOS activities. However, omission of arginine in the mixture only caused a 56–87% drop in cNOS activities. When compared with cNOS activities documented from other species, a similar pattern of cNOS activities in the various organs and tissues of big-head carp could be seen. 相似文献