复方中草药对镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.specularis)幼鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

在基础日粮(对照组)中分别添加2%由不同比例的刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus Harms)、枸杞子(L.Chinense Mill.)、金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb)和黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)配伍的复方中草药,记为复方Ⅰ、复方Ⅱ、复方Ⅲ、复...     

Effect of antioxidant supplementation on free radical scavenging system and immune response in lindane treated scabies patients

The scabicide, lindane induces oxidative stress and immunological alterations. The present study was undertaken to assess the ameliorative effects of antioxidant supplementation in lindane treated scabies patients. Scabies patients were treated with either 1% lindane or 1% lindane along with antioxidant (Lycored or Vitamin-E). Oxidative stress and immunological parameters were evaluated in blood samples and compared with healthy controls. Lindane caused a significant increase in malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), which was attenuated by anti-oxidant therapy. The IL-1α levels were significantly enhanced in scabies patients per se and remained unaffected after lindane/anti-oxidant treatment. The TNF-α and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction levels were not significantly different in all the groups. Topical application of lindane induces significant free radical generation and may cause immunological alterations which can be reversed by antioxidant therapy.     

Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone–dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.     

用NBT还原法检测细菌无细胞溶解物中SOD活性

目的：了解不同细菌无细胞溶解物中ＳＯＤ活性。方法：采用ＮＢＴ还原法检测２株大肠杆菌和８株沙门氏菌（其中７株伤寒沙门氏菌、１株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）无细胞溶解物中ＳＯＤ活性。结果：２株大肠杆菌ＳＯＤ活性明显低于８株沙门氏菌（Ｐ＜０．０１）;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ＳＯＤ活性明显高于伤寒沙门氏菌（Ｐ＜０．０１）;而伤寒沙门氏菌Ｌ型返祖株ＳＯＤ活性低于其它株伤寒沙门氏菌（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：不同细菌的ＳＯＤ活性有差异;伤寒沙门氏菌Ｌ型返祖株细胞壁的缺陷可能是导致其ＳＯＤ活性降低的原因之一     

Haematological modulation and growth of Labeo rohita fingerlings: effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide,yeast extract,protein hydrolysate and chlorella

The present study was conducted for 60 days to delineate the efficacy of various dietary immunomodulators like mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), yeast extract (YE), protein hydrolysate (PH) and chlorella (CL) in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Five hundred and eighty‐five L. rohita fingerlings (average weight: 4.15 ± 0.07 g) were randomly distributed in 13 treatment groups with each of three replicates. Thirteen semi‐purified isonitrogenous (crude protein 324.7–332.5 g kg^?1) and isocaloric (17.66–17.80 MJ kg^?1) diets were prepared with three graded levels (1%, 2% or 4%) of immunostimulants, except the control. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain%, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, leucocyte count, erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, serum protein, globulin, albumin–globulin ratio, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value and survival percentage were evaluated. Growth was significantly higher in the MOS‐fed group. All the immune parameters studied were also recorded higher in the MOS 1%‐supplemented group. The survival percentage after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila was higher (P<0.05) in the MOS‐, YE‐ and PH‐fed groups and the lowest in the CL‐treated group. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of MOS at a 1% dietary level promotes growth and survival in L. rohita fingerlings. In contrast, higher inclusion levels of immunostimulants led to an immunosuppressive effect in L. rohita fingerlings.     

SOD活性和同工酶检测系统中干扰因素的研究

采用NBT光化还原反应检测SOD活性时,反应系统中蛋白质含量在100 μg以上将对SOD活性测定造成严重干扰,并且干扰程度随蛋白质含量的增加而加剧;连苯三酚自氧化系统受维生素C的干扰,当反应系统中维生素C的含量在20 μg以上,则明显抑制连苯三酚的自氧化.同一植物材料的SOD同工酶在不同浓度的凝胶系统中分离将显示出不同的分离效果.     

两种早熟禾超氧物歧化酶活性测定的适宜条件

以冷地早熟禾 (Poacrymophila)和草地早熟禾 (P .pratensis)为材料 ,探讨光照反应时间、酶浓度以及酶反应体系等对NBT光化还原反应的影响。随着光照反应时间的延长 ,最大光还原值直线上升。 2 5min后光化还原值逐渐趋于稳定。光照反应开始后 ,酶液对NBT光化还原反应速率的抑制百分率迅速升高 ,在 15～ 2 5min时 ,酶液对NBT光化还原反应的抑制百分率保持稳定 ,2 5min后下降速率较大。光照反应时间对SOD酶活性测定的影响较大 ,确定为 2 5min较为适宜。酶浓度在 4 0～ 6 0mg/mL时光化还原值变化速率较一致。测定中反应体系NBT、核黄素的加样量以及光照强度在一定范围内时光化还原值较为稳定     

甘蓝类蔬菜抗氧自由基的研究

采用黄嘌呤氧化酶—ＮＢＴ 法,对甘蓝类蔬菜的抗氧自由基能力进行了研究。研究发现：羽衣甘蓝的抗氧自由基的能力最强;对羽衣甘蓝作进一步研究,不同品种、不同提取溶剂的抗氧自由基的能力有差异。     

Effect of silicon on antioxidant and stomatal response of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) rootstocks grown in boron toxic,saline and boron toxic-saline soil

We investigated individual and combined effects of B toxicity and salinity in the presence or absence of silicon on the shoot growth, concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), boron (B) and silicon (Si), and stomatal resistance (SR), lipid peroxidation (MDA), proline accumulation, H₂O₂ accumulation and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity grapevine rootstocks of 41B (V. Vinifera × V. Berlandieri) and 1103P (V. Berlandieri × V. Rupestris). Applied Si counteracted the deleterious effects of salinity and boron toxicity on shoot growth by lowering the accumulation of Na in 1103P, and B and Cl in the both rootstocks. Stomatal resistance, MDA, and the concentrations of H₂O₂ and proline were higher in the plants grown in conditions of B toxicity, salinity and their combination while applied Si lowered these parameters. Lowering SOD and CAT but increasing APX, Si treatment significantly affected the enzyme activities of both rootstocks. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates the adverse effects of salinity, B toxicity and combined salinity-B toxicity on grapevine rootstocks by preventing both oxidative membrane damage and translocation of Na and B from root to shoots and/or soil to plant, and also lowering the phytotoxic effects of Na and B within plant tissues. When considering the antioxidative response and membrane systems, it was concluded that the rootstock 1103P was responsive to Si under stress conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that Si improves the combined salt and B tolerance of grapevine grown under saline, B toxic, and B toxic and saline conditions which describes membrane related parameters and antioxidant responses.     

复方中草药对奥尼罗非鱼血液非特异性免疫功能的影响

在基础饲料中添加3个不同水平的复方中草药分别饲养奥尼罗非鱼,旨在探讨复方中草药对奥尼罗非鱼血液非特异性免疫功能的影响.挑选质量(36±5)g的健康奥尼罗非鱼,共480尾,随机分为8组,每组60尾,每组设置1个平行.分别用含有0‰(对照组)、0.5‰、1.0‰、1.5‰复方中草药的饲料喂养60 d,每15 d分别取血样,...