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克隆获得桃蚜电压门控钠离子通道基因cDNA序列,明确钠离子通道的典型特征,为研究桃蚜抗性分子机理奠定基础。采用实验技术主要有RT-PCR和PCR,克隆桃蚜钠离子通道基因cDNA序列,利用相关软件对其序列进行生物信息学分析。克隆得到两段cDNA序列MpNav-1(NCBI登录号:MN124170)和MpNav-2(NCBI登录号:MN176136)。MpNav-1长度为2945 bp,包括2877 bp的完整开放阅读框,共编码958个氨基酸;MpNav-2长度为3546 bp,包括3486 bp的完整开放阅读框,共编码1161个氨基酸。MpNav-1和MpNav-2共同组成桃蚜的钠离子通道α亚基,MpNav-1包含同源结构域Ⅰ和同源结构域Ⅱ,MpNav-2包含同源结构域Ⅲ和同源结构域Ⅳ。同源比对发现,桃蚜与豌豆蚜和高粱蚜钠离子通道基因相似度分别高达97.67%和97.65%,所克隆序列包含昆虫钠离子通道α亚基典型特征,具有MFM模块,并含有蚜虫类钠通道特有模块DENS。成功地克隆桃蚜钠离子通道基因,为阐明其对拟除虫菊酯类药剂产生靶标抗性的分子机制奠定基础。 相似文献
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J. A. T. Woodford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(Z2):47-54
This paper reviews the contribution of vector activity and plant age to virus spread in potato crops. Determining which aphid species are vectors is particularly important for timing haulm destruction to minimize tuber infection by potato virus Y (PVY). Alate aphids of more than 30 species transmit PVY, and aphids such asRhopalosiphum padi, that migrate in large numbers before flights of the more efficient vector,Myzus persicae, appear to be important vectors. Differences in methodology, aphid biotypes and virus strains prevent direct comparisons between estimates of vector efficiencies obtained for aphids in different countries in north western Europe.
M. persicae is also the most efficient vector of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), but some clones ofMacrosiphum euphorbiae transmit PLRV efficiently toNicotiana clevelandii and potato test plants. The removal of infected plants early in the season prevents the spread of PLRV in cool regions with limited vector activity. The proportion of aphids acquiring PLRV from infected potato plants decreases with plant age, and healthy potato plants are more resistant to infection later in the season. Severe symptoms of secondary leafroll developed on progeny plants of cv. Maris Piper derived from mother plants inoculated with PLRV in June or July of the previous year. Progeny plants derived from mother plants inoculated in August showed only mild symptoms, but the concentration of PLRV in these plants was as high as that in the plants with severe symptoms. 相似文献
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几种植物提取物和药剂对桃蚜和萝卜蚜生长发育的影响 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
研究了苍耳提取物和合果芋(白蝴蝶)提取物以及常用天然药剂机油乳剂和 0. 3 %印楝素乳油对桃蚜和萝卜蚜实验种群的影响,两种提取物和药剂对桃蚜一龄若蚜的影响依次为: 0 3 % 印楝素乳油 (2 000×) >苍耳提取物(DW 0 04g·mL-1 ) >机油乳剂(400 ×) >白蝴蝶提取物(DW 0 04g·mL-1 ),对萝卜蚜一龄若蚜的影响依次为: 0. 3 %印楝素乳油(2 000×) >机油乳剂 ( 400×) >苍耳提取物 (DW 0. 04g·mL-1 ) >白蝴蝶提取物(DW 0. 04g·mL-1 );苍耳提取物对萝卜蚜实验种群有明显干扰控制作用,处理后萝卜蚜下代的种群增长量仅为对照的 24. 9 %;此外,苍耳提取物可延缓桃蚜和萝卜蚜的生长发育进程,使发育历期延长,对桃蚜的作用效果比对萝卜蚜的作用效果强;白蝴蝶提取物对萝卜蚜的实验种群也有一定的干扰作用,并可延长桃蚜的发育历期。 相似文献
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B型烟粉虱取食能够诱导烟草产生对烟蚜的抗性反应,为了明确水杨酸和茉莉酸防御信号途径与烟粉虱诱导抗蚜防御之间的关系,采用生化分析、实时定量PCR、蚜虫生物活性测定等方法比较了烟粉虱若虫取食对烟草水杨酸、茉莉酸含量、通路下游防御基因表达水平的影响及外源水杨酸、茉莉酸对烟蚜生长发育的影响。结果显示:烟粉虱侵染能够显著激活水杨酸防御途径,在取食15天后,水杨酸水平较对照升高1.40倍,水杨酸下游防御基因PR-1a及PR-2a分别较对照升高3.22和0.74倍;然而烟粉虱侵染后烟草叶片茉莉酸含量与对照相比无显著变化,JA下游防御基因PI-II和TPI的转录水平分别较对照降低73.91%和56.73%。生测结果显示,外源施用水杨酸对烟蚜的存活率和相对平均生长率具有显著不利影响。烟草叶片施用1 mmol/L水杨酸后,蚜虫的存活率及相对生长率分别较对照降低43.2%和11.54%;然而喷施茉莉酸甲酯对蚜虫的生长发育无不利影响。上述结果表明,水杨酸介导的防御应答在B型烟粉虱取食诱导烟草的抗蚜防御中起重要作用。 相似文献
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为明确桃蚜内共生菌Buchnera aphidicola对桃蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,为有效控制桃蚜提供新的思路,本试验以十字花科(萝卜)、茄科(辣椒)和葫芦科(黄瓜)蔬菜为试材,比较健康桃蚜和利福平处理后的桃蚜在3种蔬菜上的生长发育和繁殖情况。结果表明,不同浓度利福平处理后桃蚜Buchnera的DNAK基因表达量均显著降低;200μg·m L-1利福平处理后的桃蚜产蚜量、寿命和体重都显著低于健康桃蚜。说明桃蚜的内共生菌Buchnera在其生长发育过程中起着非常重要的作用,降低内共生菌的量对桃蚜可产生不利影响。 相似文献
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Beet western yellows virus (BWYV; genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) is one of the most important viruses causing yellowing disease of many field and vegetable crops. This study isolated different poleroviruses from sugar beet, spinach, radish and brassica in Japan, and identified them as BWYV-JP, Beet leaf yellowing virus (BLYV), Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) and BrYV-R (radish strain) based on host range and molecular analysis. Among over 100 plant species from 19 families inoculated with the vector Myzus persicae, about half of the species in 13 families were infected with some of these viruses. BLYV shared a similar host range to Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV). These had a much more limited host range than BWYV-JP, which resembled BWYV-USA. The host range of BrYV was similar to that of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV). Phylogenetic analyses at the 5′ portion (replication-related gene) of the genome showed that BLYV, BMYV, BWYV (-JP and -USA) and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) formed one large group, whereas BrYV and TuYV were grouped together. BLYV and BWYV were most closely related to each other, and were more closely related to CABYV than to BMYV. However, at the 3′ end (coat protein gene), BLYV and BWYV-JP formed a distinct group, separated from the BrYV group, which in turn was more closely related to BWYV-USA, BMYV, TuYV and Beet chlorosis virus, a group originating from outside Asia. Thus, this study presents host range differences and phylogeographical relationships of BWYV-like poleroviruses that are distributed worldwide. 相似文献
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