城市土地一级市场波动及其政策因素驱动的考察——以南京市为例

近年来宏观调控政策出台密集,对城市土地市场影响较大.该研究界定了土地市场波动的内涵,从影响土地市场供需的政策因素分析入手,重点阐释了财政政策、金融货币政策、土地政策对土地市场波动的驱动机制,并在理论分析的基础上,进行典型城市实证分析,分析了南京市一级土地市场2007年以来的季度波动特征,并构建VAR模型,运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解法进行实证研究.结果显示：以财政收入和房地产投资为主要手段的财政政策推动土地市场发展,财政收入政策影响显著;金融货币政策对于土地市场影响具有不稳定性;积极的土地供应对市场交易价格有抑制作用.结合当前宏观调控的实践,提出针对性建议.     

Multifunctionality of paddy fields in Taiwan

Paddy rice is the staple food in Taiwan, where rice farming always plays an important role in agricultural activities. The paddy fields and irrigation activities hold diversified functions, such as production, eco-environmental and living-associated functions. This paper is to provide information regarding the potential magnitude and monetary value of seven functions of paddy fields in Taiwan, including flood mitigation, fostering water resources, preventing soil erosion, purifying water, cooling air temperature, refreshing atmosphere and recreation. For quantification of the above values, replacement cost method (RCM), contingent valuation method (CVM), and the travel cost method (TCM) are adopted. In addition, the ratio of monetary value and their rice production commodity value (R) was also estimated. The results indicated that the flood mitigation function had a monetary value of US$ 389 million each year, and the ratio to the rice production value R was estimated at 37%. Water resource fostering function was US$ 501 million and R at 47%; soil erosion reduction function was US$ 433 million and R at 41%; water quality purification function was US$ 3 million and R at 0.3%; cooling air temperature function was US$ 961 million and R at 91%; refreshing air function was US$ 196 million and R at 19%, health and recreation function was US$ 987 million and R at 93%, respectively. Due to the significant importance of these externalities, it is recommended that the government should properly take into account the multifunctionalities in policy making to ensure sustainable development of agriculture.     

Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio

A 2-year field study was conducted using common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) pure stands as well as two common vetch–cereal mixtures for silage with each of the above four cereals in two seeding ratios (i.e., vetch:cereal 55:45 and 65:35, based on seed numbers) to determine the competition among the different species and the economics of each intercropping system. Intercropping systems were assessed on the basis of several existing intercropping indices such as land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (RCC or K), aggressivity (A), competitive ratio (CR), actual yield loss (AYL), monetary advantage index (MAI), and intercropping advantage (IA). The LER and K values were greater for the common vetch–wheat (55:45) and the common vetch–oat (65:35) mixtures indicating that in these systems, there was an advantage of intercropping for exploiting the resources of the environment. A similar trend to that of LER and K was also observed for AYL. The aggressivity, CR and partial AYL values were greater for barley and oat than for wheat and triticale, whereas the corresponding values for common vetch were lower in mixtures with barley and oat than in mixtures with wheat and triticale. These findings indicate that barley and oat were more competitive partners than wheat and triticale as common vetch was affected more in mixtures with these two crops. The highest MAI and IA values were recorded for the common vetch–wheat (55:45) and the common vetch–oat (65:35) mixtures indicating that these intercropping systems were the most profitable.     

林业多功能货币价值测度研究——以贵州省丹寨县为例

林业是农业的一个重要组成部分,不仅具有一般农业的基础功能,还具有丰富而特殊的多功能性。以贵州省丹寨县为例,在介绍林业功能价值评估意义的基础上,从林业的实物生产价值（林业及林副产品生产功能）、生态服务价值（涵养水源,防洪减灾功能;水土保持,粮食增产功能;固碳释氧,净化空气功能）、社会服务价值（就业增收;景观游憩功能）3方面介绍了丹寨县林业功能,并采用国际上比较成熟的替代成本法（RCM）、分类估价法（CVM）和旅行成本法（TCM）等对上述功能的货币价值进行数量研究。结论表明,林业生产价值为1971.26万元;涵养水源、防洪减灾功能价值为11100万元,是林业生产价值的5.63倍;水土保持、增肥增产功能价值为16010.15万元,是林业生产价值的8.12倍;固碳释氧、净化空气功能价值为112662.41万元,是林业生产价值的57.15倍;就业增收、景观游憩价值为538万元,是林业生产价值的0.27倍。最后,鉴于林业重要的外部作用,建议政府在政策制定过程中考虑到林业丰富的多功能性,以促进林业的有效开发和农业持续发展。     

贷款冲击、货币供给冲击与宏观经济波动

建立一个动态随机一般均衡模型，在数量调控规则下对贷款冲击与货币供给冲击的宏观经济波动效应进行了系统分析。结合中国经济的实际情况进行估计，并引入贷款冲击与货币供给冲击的相关性，发现二者在短期内会使产出、投资和通胀率出现较大波动，贷款冲击波动性更大。因此，中国的货币政策在短期内应谨慎对待信贷扩张与宽松货币政策，而在长期则应持续利率市场化改革，进一步向价格调控规则过渡。     

河北省土地征收补偿安置方式的调查分析及对策建议

河北省城市化速度逐渐加快,征地现象频发,征地补偿安置方式也日趋多样化。通过发放问卷和走访的方式,充分调查了河北省土地征收补偿安置方式的现状,并对其进行了评价分析,提出了相应的对策及建议,旨在为政府确定征地补偿安置方式提供科学依据。     

简论耕地生态外溢效益的经济评价

耕地既具有生产功能,又具有生态环境功能,而后者由于具有一定的公共物品的属性,市场往往不能准确反映甚至是完全忽略其价值,导致农民对保护耕地失去积极性,加速了耕地的农转非。在社会经济飞速发展的今天,耕地保护与工业化、城市化用地的矛盾日益突出。为把耕地外部性问题内部化,有必要对耕地生态外溢效益进行评价。通过直接和间接的评价方法,试图以货币形式对耕地生态外溢效益进行测度。     

农业环境核算实地研究——以浙江加华种猪有限公司为例

以浙江加华种猪有限公司为例,根据从农业公司调查的有关资料和数据,采用货币计量、物理单位或文字说明对环境工程项目、节电、节水、排污费、非产品产出等进行农业环境核算,从而对我国未来农业企业的环境核算进行探索性研究。     

金融危机下我国商业银行资本约束的逆周期性研究

采用2004年第1季度到2008年第2季度我国商业银行季度面板数据,分析我国商业银行资本约束对宏观经济周期的影响。研究结果表明:资本约束可以通过货币政策传导影响我国宏观经济周期,表现出一定的顺周期性;同时研究也证明了资本约束下低资本水平银行的顺周期性明显要高于高资本水平银行,严格的资本约束具有逆周期性。     

模型不确定性条件下的货币政策决策分析

为什么中央银行在制定货币政策时往往是比较谨慎或保守的?从具体的货币政策规则的经验估计如泰勒规则看,这些货币政策比具体经济模型所要求的最优货币政策更为保守。本文从模型不确定性及决策者对不确定性态度变化的角度,运用美联储数据进行实证来解释这一现象。经过分析发现,若与降低利率的变动相比,央行更为关心产出缺口的稳定性,则央行对模型不确定呈厌恶或呈中性将会大大降低泰勒规则中的反应系数,随之产生较为保守的货币政策,若央行对不确定性呈偏好,则产生较为积极的货币政策。