苹果低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用研究

利用0.12mm聚乙烯薄膜大帐进行低氧气调新组合的较大规模应用试验,对2394kg玫瑰红苹果进行低氧处理,帐内O2浓度可下调至约2%,CO2浓度可自动维持在5%～8%的较理想状态,处理结束后很易转为MA自发气调。低氧处理后再MA贮藏的苹果,虎皮病果率低、症状轻,腐烂果少,果柄和果皮新鲜,叶绿素保持效果好,果肉硬度明显高于小包装气调和冷藏对照。说明利用塑膜大帐进行前期低氧新组合处理与后期自发气调、实现低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用是可行的。     

Estimation of phenotypic variability in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of common bean under drought stress using 15N natural abundance in grain

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) test and validate the use of ¹⁵N natural abundance in grain to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs of common bean with bush growth habit aiming to improve SNF, and (ii) quantify phenotypic differences in SNF under drought to identify superior genotypes that could serve as parents. Field studies were conducted at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia using a set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool for evaluation in two seasons with two levels of water supply (irrigated and drought stress). We used ¹⁵N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. Our results showed positive and significant correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling and %Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. Both methods showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions and a significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) could be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified four bean lines (RCB 593, SEA 15, NCB 226 and BFS 29) that combine greater SNF ability with greater grain yield under drought stress and these could serve as potential parents to further improve SNF ability of common bean.     

改性蒙脱石对黄曲霉毒素B_1和玉米赤霉烯酮的吸附研究

本试验旨在探究4种不同改性蒙脱石对黄曲霉B1(AFB1)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的体外吸附性能。采用体外吸附试验,在霉菌毒素污染的喷浆玉米皮中添加4种改性蒙脱石,检测AFB1和ZEN的浓度变化,以探究不同种类及不同添加比例改性蒙脱石对AFB1和ZEN的吸附作用。结果表明:4种改性蒙脱石对AFB1和ZEN均有显著吸附作用,其中膨润土经十八烷基三甲基氯化铵改性制备的复合改性蒙脱石II型对AFB1和ZEN的吸附效果最好,在添加量为1%时,对AFB1和ZEN的吸附率分别为62.60%和43.38%。在本体外试验条件下,4种改性蒙脱石对喷浆玉米皮中AFB1和ZEN均具有吸附作用,可以降低喷浆玉米皮中的霉菌毒素含量,为改性蒙脱石在饲料脱毒剂的使用提供参考。     

Sintering of Magnetite Concentrates Without Carbon

With the goal of the sintering of magnetite concentrates without carbon,the effect of quality,inert atmosphere and Fe_3O_4 addition on microwave sintering of magnetite concentrates is studied.It is shown that: With the same basicity(CaO/SiO_2=2.5) and microwave heating condition(1000W,2.45GHz,20min),the centre temperature decreaseds with a increasing sample mass;There is no great difference between with and without inert atmosphere in microwave sintering of magnetite in a same microwave heating condition.When 100g sample(CaO/SiO_2=2.5) is heated by microwave irradiation(1000W,2.45GHz,20min),the more Fe_3O_4 is added,the less liquid phase is produced,which is bad for microwave sintering of magnetite concentrate.     

我国粮食仓储技术的概况与发展

粮食安全储存是个世界性难题,如何发展、提升和完善粮食仓储技术是我国政府面临的一项亟待解决的课题.为此,在提出粮食仓储技术内涵的基础上,首先概述总结了我国粮食仓储设施及方式的发展历程;其次在分析国内储粮技术研究发展现状的基础上,重点介绍了低温储粮、气调储粮两种绿色环保型储粮技术及计算机技术在仓储上的应用;论述了我国仓储设备的整体发展现状;最后指出了我国仓储技术的存在的问题与发展趋势.     

臭氧结合氮气气调储藏对稻谷品质的影响

为探讨臭氧(O3)预处理结合氮气(N2)气调对稻谷储藏品质的影响,以4种不同方式(O3/N2、O3/Air、对照/N2、对照/Air)对稻谷进行处理,并在14℃和相对湿度75％的储藏条件下,对储藏期间稻谷微生物指标、理化特性和感官评分等进行研究.结果表明,臭氧预处理显著降低了稻谷中细菌、霉菌和酵母菌菌落数(P＜0.05...     

气调包装协同低温等离子体杀菌对狮子头保鲜效果的影响

为探究气调包装协同低温等离子体处理对狮子头品质及货架期的影响,本研究设置对照组(普通彩袋包装)、气调包装组(40%CO₂+60%N₂)以及气调包装协同不同处理时间的低温等离子体组(MAP-3 min、MAP-6 min、MAP-9 min),通过菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)、感官评定及挥发性有机化合物等指标综合评价狮子头的贮藏品质。结果表明,气调包装协同低温等离子体处理使狮子头的初始微生物数量降低0.70~1.56 log CFU·g^-1,能有效减缓狮子头贮藏过程中TVB-N值的增加及脂质氧化。经低温等离子体处理后的新鲜狮子头中庚醇、1-己醇、1-丙醇、2-癸酮及壬酸等挥发性有机化合物增加。2-己酮、2-丁酮、苯乙烯、2-甲基吡嗪及八甲基三硅氧烷等挥发性有机化合物可能是狮子头腐败气味的主要成分。与对照组及其他处理组相比,MAP-6 min和MAP-9 min处理均可将狮子头货架期延长7 d,MAP-6 min和MAP-9 min 2组狮子头在贮藏7 d后微生物及TVB-N、TBARS等品质指标无显著差异。综合各项指标及能源成本,40%CO₂+60%N₂气调包装协同低温等离子体处理6 min可以在显著抑制微生物生长的同时保持狮子头的品质,将产品货架期延长至14 d。本研究结果为中式调理类肉丸制品新型保鲜技术的发展提供了理论参考。     

生物保鲜剂结合气调包装对带鱼冷藏货架期的影响

为了延长带鱼冷藏货架期,以空气包装组为对照,在（4±1）℃冷藏条件下,采用复合生物保鲜剂涂膜及保鲜剂结合气调包装对带鱼进行保鲜试验。以感官评分、细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮值（total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N）、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸值（the 2-thiobarbituric acid,TBA）和汁液流失率为指标,测定带鱼冷藏过程中的品质变化。结果表明：空气包装组带鱼冷藏货架期为4 d,复合生物保鲜剂（1.0%壳聚糖＋0.4%茶多酚）具有良好的抑菌保鲜作用,高浓度CO2气调包装带鱼汁液流失较为严重,生物保鲜剂结合60%CO2＋10%O2＋30%N2气调包装组保鲜效果最为显著,冷藏贮存20 d,带鱼的细菌总数为5.59 lg(cfu/g),TVB-N值为19.39 mg/100 g,仍处在带鱼二级鲜度之内,可将冷藏带鱼货架期延长至20d,是对照组的5倍,且能较好地维持新鲜带鱼感官品质,以期为带鱼的保鲜提供一定的参考。     

适宜气调包装延缓冷藏鲳鱼品质变化延长货架期(英文)

该文主要研究了不同气体比例组分的气调包装处理对冷藏鲳鱼贮藏期间品质变化及货架期的影响,从中找出能使鲳鱼冷藏货架期延长的适宜气体比例。将新鲜鲳鱼以冰藏方式快速运至实验室,将样品经去头、去尾、去内脏处理后,分别置于3种气体组分条件(MAP1:20%CO2/80%N2,MAP2:50%CO2/50%N2,MAP3:80%CO2/20%N2)的气调包装袋内冷藏(4±1)℃保鲜,以空气包装样品作为冷藏对照组(AIR),其中包装袋内的气体与样品体积比为3∶1,在12 d内隔天测定各组样品的感官指标、微生物指标(菌落总数)与化学指标(挥发性盐基氮值、K值、三甲胺值与p H值)变化。冷藏后的第4天,对照组与气调处理组的感官分值、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮值与三甲胺值差异显著(P0.05),冷藏对照组样品的各项指标首先达到新鲜限值,其冷藏货架期仅为4-5d。经过气调处理后的鲳鱼样品,其菌落总数达到二级鲜度的速度明显缓于冷藏对照组,其他各项指标的变化也证实了气调包装的潜在优点。其中,80%CO2+20%N2处理组能明显延缓样品p H值、挥发性盐基氮值、菌落总数、三甲胺值与K值的升高(P0.05),较冷藏对照组相比,其冷藏货架期能延长6~8 d。同时,气调处理组贮藏期间的p H值未呈现先降后升的变化规律,表明p H值不适用于评价气调包装鲳鱼贮藏期间的品质变化。气调包装样品的菌落总数在贮藏前期略有下降,表明CO2对样品菌落总数的升高有较好的抑制作用。在CO2≤80%条件下,各项微生物与理化指标的测定结果显示出不同气体比例的气调包装处理对冷藏鲳鱼的保鲜效果,CO2浓度越高,其保鲜效果越显著,气调处理能使鲳鱼样品的冷藏保鲜期由4 d延长至6-12 d,其中80%CO2+20%N2的气调处理组对鲳鱼样品的冷藏货架期延长效果较佳。     

果蔬微孔膜气调包装模型与试验验证

建立微孔膜气调包装的理论模型是保证气调包装质量、进行微孔膜气调包装系统设计的关键。基于孔径与分子平均自由程的关系,应用Fick扩散定理,结合果蔬呼吸速率模型,建立微孔膜果蔬气调包装内外气体交换的数学模型。以香菇为对象,利用密闭系统法确定其呼吸速率;采用硬质罐加PE膜封合包装香菇并在25℃、50%RH下储藏50 h以上,测定不同初始气体组分、微孔孔数与孔径条件下包装内气体浓度变化,对香菇微孔膜气调包装模型进行试验验证。结果表明,模型预测值与试验数据吻合度较高,所建模型能较准确地预测香菇微孔膜气调包装内外气体交换过程。