杂交三倍体泥鳅性腺发育观察及其基因表达分析

以杂交三倍体泥鳅(4n♀×2n♂)为研究对象,对其早期性腺分化的组织学进行观察,并采用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术,对杂交三倍体泥鳅早期不同发育时期(孵化后4、14、21、23、50、60和65d)和不同组织(性腺、肝脏、肌肉、肠、鳃、鳍、皮肤和脑)中性腺发育相关基因(hormad1、dmrt1-a)的表达量进行定量检测。研究结果发现:在早期不同发育时期,hormad1和dmrt1-a基因均为在4日龄中表达量最高,14日龄次之,在50日龄中表达量最低。在不同组织中,hormad1基因在雌鱼的鳍中表达量最高,肝脏中表达量最低;在雄鱼的性脑腺中表达量最高,肝脏中表达量最低。dmrt1-a基因在雌雄鱼的性腺中表达量最高,脑中表达量最低。杂交三倍体泥鳅早期性腺的分化和发生与二倍体泥鳅无差别,可观察到原始生殖细胞、原始生殖细胞的迁移和原始性腺的生成及性腺的分化等过程。研究结果表明,hormad1、dmrt1-a这2个基因与杂交三倍体泥鳅早期性腺发育密切相关。     

二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体ND-5/6基因多态性的PCR-RFLP分析

采用PCR-RFLP分析方法,对洞庭湖、武汉两地的二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体DNAND-5/6基因多态性及4个群体遗传变异和遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,120尾泥鳅mtDNAND-5/6扩增片段长度均为2.2kb;从13种限制性内切核酸酶中筛选出6种多态性内切酶(HaeⅢ、DraⅠ、RsaⅠ、TaqⅠ、HinfⅠ、MspⅠ),对扩增产物进行酶切,共检测到66种单倍型。泥鳅群体内单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.7679～0.9385和0.01041～0.03212;其中,洞庭湖二倍体核苷酸多样性最高(0.03212),武汉二倍体其次(0.02452),二倍体群体内核苷酸多样性高于四倍体。群体间的核苷酸多样性(π)大小为0.02588～0.04144,平均值为(0.031737±0.000005)。群体间的核苷酸歧化距离(δ)大小为0.00462～0.01617,平均值为(0.010659±0.000003);其中,武汉二倍体和四倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最大(0.01617),武汉四倍体和洞庭湖二倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最小(0.00462)。MonteCarlo模拟x2检验表明,4个群体间的单倍型频率存在极...     

First report of Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. infection in freshwater cultured loach,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

A novel disease outbreak occurred among cultured loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in China. The diseased fish displayed lethargy, loss of appetite, black discolouration, anasarca and ventral skin hyperaemia. Clinical signs were observed in most of the fish examined, which consisted of discoloured liver, swollen spleen and petechial haemorrhage in the intestine and peritoneal membranes. The causative agent was found to be two species of bacteria by experimental infection, identified as Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. The result showed that these were likely to be Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum respectively. Bacterial identification consisted of physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed, revealing that Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum were susceptible to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, pipemidicacid and norfloxacin. This is the first report of S. putrefaciens and L. anguillarum from cultured loach.     

Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅个体发育早期同工酶谱的变化

泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)和大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgumus dabryanus)同属鲤形目鳅科花鳅亚科,是中国常见的经济鱼类,它们养殖简单,一年四季均可进行人工催产繁殖,是进行鱼类发育生物学研究的好材料.     

泥鳅MSAP技术反应体系的建立及优化

为获得不同倍性泥鳅基因组DNA甲基化水平及模式,以泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus为研究对象,利用正交试验建立了甲基化敏感扩增多态性( MSAP)方法的反应体系,并利用该方法对二倍体泥鳅鳍基因组DNA进行了MSAP分析。结果表明：最佳双酶切反应体系为800 ng的泥鳅基因组DNA,用EcoR I、 Hpa II和Msp I各10 U,在37℃下反应8 h后即可酶切;最佳预扩增反应体系为模板4μL、预扩增引物0·8μL、0·2 mmol/L dNTPs、1·5 mmol/L Mg2+和 Taq 1 U;最佳选择性扩增反应体系为预扩增产物稀释20倍的模板2μL、引物1·5μL、0·375 mmol/L dNTPs、1·5 mmol/L Mg2+和 Taq 1 U;二倍体泥鳅全甲基化率分别为24·1%、20·8%、22·3%,半甲基化率分别41·4%、20·8%、33·3%,总甲基化率分别为65·5%、41·6%、55·6%。研究表明,该反应体系稳定、可靠、重复性好,为MSAP技术在多倍体泥鳅相关研究中的应用奠定了基础。     

四种重金属对泥鳅幼鱼呼吸强度的影响

四种重金属对泥鳅幼鱼呼吸强度的影响实验表明,泥鳅幼鱼对重金属污染的反应十分敏感,4种重金属处理组幼鱼呼吸强度均明显大干对照组,其中以铜影响最大,铅最小,呼吸强度分别为5.578mL/g·h和2.663 mL/g·h.染毒历时和重金属浓度的影响则表现为随着染毒时间的延长和浓度的降低而逐渐减弱.     

镉对两种泥鳅多种组织细胞转录活性的影响

[目的]为了达到不同镉浓度下泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肝、脑、肾3种组织细胞核Ag-NORs数目变化情况,并比较不同时间条件下镉对Ag-NORs颗粒数目影响研究的目的。[方法]以Ag-NORs为指标,研究镉污染对泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肝、肾和脑组织细胞核转录活性的影响。在实验室条件下,把试验动物置于镉浓度分别为0.01、0.050、.5 mg/L的水溶液中,分别在处理后122、4、488、41、32 h取样测定其肝、肾、脑组织细胞核中Ag-NORs颗粒数目变化。[结果]结果表明:镉污染后2种泥鳅肝、脑、肾细胞核Ag-NORs数目均下降。在镉处理后48 h或0.25 mg/L镉浓度下,肝细胞核Ag-NORs数目显著下降,而在镉处理后84 h或0.05 mg/L镉浓度下,肾细胞核Ag-NORs数目即显著下降。随着时间延长,浓度增大,Ag-NORs数目越少,且下降幅度越大;脑组织镉污染对脑组织Ag-NORs数目下降影响不显著。[结论]该研究为探讨镉中毒的作用机理提供了试验依据。