Relationship between microRNAs and autophagy in Schwann cells during peripheral nerve regeneration and repair

The survival, proliferation and differentiation of Schwann cells are the decisive factors of peripheral nerve regeneration. Autophagy is an important mechanism to regulate homeostasis and make Schwann cells pass the stress period, thus providing protection for the survival of Schwann cells and becoming a key factor on nerve regeneration. Recent studies indicate that a number of microRNAs participate in the activity of Schwann cells and play an important regulatory role in the process of nerve injury repair. In our studies, we found that microRNAs played an important regulatory role in autophagy at the early stage of nerve injury. Therefore, the relationship between microRNAs and autophagy in Schwann cells during the regeneration and repair of peripheral nerve injury is described in this paper.     

Microarray-based miRNAs profiling in lower limb arteriosclerosis of diabetic rats

AIM: To establish the profiling of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the lower extremity arterial tissue between diabetic rats with lower limb arteriosclerosis (DAS) and diabetic rats with normal lower limb (DN), and to explore the possible molecular mechanisms involved in aberrant miRNA expression in DAS. METHODS: The rat models of DAS and DN were successfully established. The respective lower extremity arterial tissue was isolated. The total miRNAs were purified for a hybridization detection by miRNA microarray. The results of chip scanning and data were analyzed and verified by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Ten miRNAs related to DAS, including rno-miR-206-3p, rno-miR-133a-5p, rno-miR-133b-3p, rno-miR-133a-3p, rno-miR-325-5p, rno-miR-675-3p, rno-miR-411-5p, rno-miR-329-3p, rno-miR-335 and rno-miR-126a-3p, were determined. All 10 abnormally expressed miRNAs were up-regulated. The validating results of RT-qPCR confirmed 9 of the miRNAs in line with chip expression. Just rno-miR-335 showed the opposite between PCR detection and microarray result. CONCLUSION: A group of miRNAs in diabetic rats suffering from lower limb arteriosclerosis plays an important role in the vascular atherosclerosis process. The abnormal expression of miRNAs is likely to affect the vascular atherosclerosis process.     

超量表达胡杨peu-MIR156j基因增强拟南芥耐盐性

Micro RNAs（miRNAs）是一类内源性的非编码小分子RNA。本文克隆了miR156j的前体（peu-MIR156j）,并将其转入拟南芥获得35S：MIR156j转基因植株。对转基因植株的鉴定表明,过量表达miR156j增加了拟南芥莲座叶的发生,导致叶片浓密及开花延迟。这一结果表明：同拟南芥、水稻等物种类似,胡...     

Progress in epigenetic study of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

The epigenetic changes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are considered to be the main molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis, including DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA change, and so on. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) catalyze the occurrence of DNA methylation. DNA methylation changes are manifested in the overall low methylation of the genome and the high methylation of specific sites, which were involved in the development of ccRCC by affecting the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Due to histone-modified enzyme involvement, histone modification is shown as possible genetic reversal. MicroRNA plays an important role in the abnormal expression of ccRCC genes. With the studies of epigenetic mechanism and molecular pathology, it is important to explore the mechanisms and to seek effective early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis intervention of ccRCC.     

草莓microRNA的RT-PCR鉴定

 【目的】microRNAs（miRNAs）在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用,本研究旨在建立一种快速准确地鉴定草莓中保守miRNA的方法。【方法】以草莓叶片为试材,在利用改进的CTAB法成功富集小于150 bp的小分子RNA的基础之上,采用3′端加接头、5′端和3′端两端加接头、利用茎环等3种RT-PCR策略来检测鉴定草莓中保守miRNA,同时比较总核酸、总RNA和小分子RNA等不同种类的模板对利用茎环RT-PCR检测miRNA的影响。【结果】对于植物中20种miRNAs,通过3′端加接头方式鉴定出7种;通过两端加接头方式鉴定出1种;而利用茎环的方式鉴定出15种。分别以3种核酸为模板的茎环RT-PCR的扩增效果没有差异。【结论】总核酸的提取是最快速最简单的,因此,以总核酸为模板,利用茎环RT-PCR是鉴定植物中miRNA的最简便快速而有效的方法,这种方法的可行性已在苹果、葡萄等植物上得到验证。     

Regulatory effect of miR-199a-5p on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in rat

AIM：To investigate the expression of miR-199a-5p in rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy models. METHODS：The in vivo cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model was established by transverse abdominal aortic constriction (TAAC) and the in vitro model was induced by angiotensin II. The content of miR-199a-5p was detected by qRT-PCR in the plasma of the TAAC rats and in the cardiomyocytes (CM) of the newborn rats. The CM was isolated and transfected with miR-199a-5p mimic or inhibitor at concentration of 100 nmol/L by Lipofectamine RNAiMAX. The mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) were detected by qRT-PCR. Tritium-labeled leucine incorporation was employed to determine the protein synthesis rate in the CM. The method of cyto-fluorescent staining was applied to measure the changes of the CM surface area. RESULTS：Compared with control group, the content of miR-199a-5p significantly increased in the TAAC rats and in the CM induced by angiotensin II. In addition, over-expression of miR-199a-5p in the CM up-regulated the mRNA expression of ANF and β-MHC, accelerated the protein synthesis rate and enlarged the CM surface area. In the CM transfected with miR-199a-5p inhibitor following induced by angiotensin II, the hypertrophy effect receded inversely (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Over-expression of miR-199a-5p may promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and repression of miR-199a-5p may inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the CM.     

Progress of urinary exosome microRNAs in kidney diseases

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are actively released from all types of cells to various body fluids under the physiological and pathological conditions. It can be used as an intercellular signaling carrier by transferring specific components such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which mediates the transmission of information between cells, thereby affecting the biological function of the recipient cells. Urinary exosomes are secreted by various cells in the urinary system and released into the urine. Recent studies have shown that changes of urinary exosome microRNAs can be used as biomarkers in kidney diseases for monitoring the changes of diseases and judging prognosis, and also have important value in the disease treatment. This article reviews the progress of urinary exosome microRNAs in kidney diseases.     

Cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training:the function of AT1 receptor,autophagy and miRNAs

As a mechanical and exogenous stimulus, exercise training induces cardiac physiological hypertrophy, and the cardiac structure is changed slowly, steadily and coordinately. Simultaneously, energy metabolism and function of the cardiac muscle are also improved. These are positive adaptations in the heart when experiencing endurance exercise training. Recently, angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 (AT1) receptor, autophagy and miRNAs are all considered as important regulators to cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training at different molecular levels. Fully understanding the relations and the important role of AT1 receptor, autophagy and miRNAs in cardiac physiological hypertrophy will further enrich the signaling pathway of cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training.