Effect of Luteolin on Blood Indexes,Liver and Kidney in Mice with Acute Mercury Poisoning

To study the effect of luteolin on blood indexes,liver and kidney in mice with acute mercury poisoning,28 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% saline),luteolin group (lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin),mercuric chloride group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercury chloride) and mercury chloride+luteolin group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercuric chloride,lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin).The activities of ALT in serum,AST,CREA and BUN contents,blood WBC,RBC,HGB content and GSH and MDA contents of liver tissue were detected.Morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the activities of ALT and AST of mercuric chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01),serum CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were obviously.Compared with mercuric chloride group,the activities of ALT,AST in serum,CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents of mercuric chloride+luteolin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were attenuated obviously.The poisoning were characterized by inflammation and the occurrence of anemia when acute mercury poisoning occurred,liver and kidney showed different degrees of injury in mice.Luteolin could reduce the toxic effects of acute mercury poisoning on blood,liver and kidney.     

汞水平对苋菜种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的氯化汞溶液(0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/L)对不同品种苋菜种子进行浸种处理。结果表明,Hg+对苋菜种子萌发的影响在低浓度时有促进作用,随着Hg+浓度增加,苋菜种子的根长和芽长都明显减少,当Hg+浓度达到100 mg/L时,苋菜种子见萌芽,但都有红褐色痕迹,即汞污染现象非常明显;Hg+较高浓度时,各个不同品种苋菜种子导电率相对较高,种子活力相对较低。     

市售茶叶中重金属含量特征及其分析

为了解市售主要茶叶中重金属的含量情况,采集市售主要茶叶种类,采用高压密闭消解系统、电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法测定茶叶中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)的含量,并根据《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2012)、《茶叶中铬、镉、汞、砷及氟化物限量》(NY 659—2003)以及《绿色食品-代用茶中华人民共和国农业行业标准》(NY/T 2140—2012)分析了市售茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As的含量特征。结果显示,茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量范围分别为0.1~1.67、0.0006~0.085、0.00021~0.022、0.00~0.78 mg/kg,所有茶叶样品Pb、Cd、Hg均符合相关标准。但1.9%茶叶样品中As含量超过国内《绿色食品-代用茶》中As的标准(As≤0.5 mg/kg),超标样品为散装黑茶。茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量具有一定的相关性,Pb与As、Hg、Cd元素之间,Cd与As元素之间存在极显著相关。对市场中茶叶进行选择时,建议选择定型包装茶叶,产于广西的定型包装的茉莉花茶较安全;而市场中黑茶和散装茶质量差异较大,在选择相关茶叶商品时应根据其原产地、包装类型及单价分辨其质量的高低。     

干腌火腿加工过程中虫害防治研究进展

虫害问题一直以来都是影响干腌火腿品质的重要因素,火腿发酵阶段是虫害发生高峰期,其中腐食酪螨和酪蝇对其危害程度最为严重。为了为今后实际生产中干腌火腿的综合防治提供一些参考依据,通过分析、总结国内外干腌火腿虫害防治方法的相关研究进展,概述了化学防治法、物理防治法、生物防治法的杀虫效果及优缺点,以及各方法在实际生产应用中需要注意的问题。分析表明溴甲烷替代品熏蒸法、在火腿表面使用丙二醇涂膜剂以及植物源性杀虫剂是较为理想的防治方法,并对其进行了展望。     

Oxidation of methane in the rhizosphere of rice plants

Oxidation of CH₄ in the rhizosphere of rice plants was quantified using (1) methyl fluoride, a specific inhibitor of CH₄ oxidation, and (2) measuring changes in plant-mediated CH₄ emission after incubation under air, N₂, or 40% O₂. No significant rhizospheric CH₄ oxidation was observed from rice plants in the ripening stage. CH₄ emission from rice plants 1 week before panicle initiation increased by 40% if CH₄ oxidation in the rhizosphere was blocked. The growth stage of the rice plant is an important factor determining the rhizospheric CH₄ oxidation. Fluctuation of rhizospheric CH₄ oxidation during the growing season may help to explain the observed seasonal CH₄ emission patterns in field studies. Measurements from four rice varieties showed that one variety, Pokkali, had higher rhizospheric CH₄ oxidation. This was probably because Pokkali was in an earlier growth stage than the other three varieties. Both in the early and in the late growth stages, incubation under N₂ caused a much stronger CH₄ flux than inhibition of CH₄ oxidation alone. Apparently, N₂ incubation not only blocked CH₄ oxidation but also stimulated methanogenesis in the rhizosphere. Incubation under a higher O₂ atmosphere (40% O₂) than ambient air decreased the CH₄ flux, suggesting that increasing the oxidation of the rice rhizosphere may help in reducing CH₄ fluxes from rice agriculture. The O₂ pressure in the rhizosphere is an important factor that reduces the plant-mediated CH₄ flux. However, inhibition of methanogenesis in the rhizosphere may contribute more to CH₄ flux reduction than rhizospheric CH₄ oxidation.     

南宁市郊区土壤中汞污染状况调查

分析了来自南宁郊区５个不同地点的土壤汞污染状况。结果表明,这５个不同地点的土壤中的汞含量明显高于全国平均水平。其中汞含量最高的是安吉地区,达到１．６４７ｍｇ／ｋｇ。同时还对种植在这些土壤中的蔬菜的汞含量进行了调查。结果表明,这些地区的蔬菜的汞含量明显偏高。研究结果也说明,蔬菜中汞的含量与土壤中的汞污染程度有明显的相关性。     

汞污染紫色土中微生物区系及生理类群

以重庆市中性紫色土为材料,通过室内模拟试验及污染现场调查,探索了汞对土壤中微生物区系和各主要生理类群繁育的影响。结果表明,汞对土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌的增殖总体上具有抑制作用;氨化细菌受汞的抑制强烈,当HgCl2浓度为10mg·kg-1时,氨化细菌数量仅为对照的10%;硝化细菌在汞浓度较低时(<50mg·kg-1)生长受抑制,在高浓度汞作用下表现出受刺激;好气性自生固氮菌和纤维素降解菌在汞浓度较低时生长被刺激,而高浓度汞则抑制其增长;以敏感微生物种群数量变化>50%得出供试中性紫色土上汞发生毒害的临界值为5～10mg·kg-1。长期受汞污染的土壤微生物调查显示,细菌和放线菌变化方向与模拟试验结果一致,真菌在重污染区土壤上则产生抗性,而固氮菌能够指示程度较轻的土壤汞污染。     

过氧化氢光催化脱色甲基橙溶液的研究

本文在H2O2存在下用紫外灯照射对甲基橙溶液进行光催化脱色。结果表明,甲基橙溶液的脱色率随着H2O2的增加而增加,但存在一个最佳值。当甲基橙浓度低于25 mg/L时,反应为假一级,当甲基橙浓度高于100 mg/L时,反应为零级;但是不符合Langmuir-Hinshewood动力学模型。脱色率在酸性条件下比碱性条件高。日光照射下对实际染料废水的脱色效果好。     

连续施用有机肥对小麦苗期吸收汞的影响

以小麦为试验对象,采用盆栽方式,利用前人研究有机肥对土壤-高粱系统中重金属污染的环境效应试验(已完成重金属和第1次有机肥的施入)后的土壤,研究了不同外源汞水平下,连续施用有机肥对土壤汞的形态转化及小麦吸收汞的影响.结果表明;在同一汞水平条件下,随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤有效态汞含量逐渐减少,小麦茎叶和根对汞的吸收也逐渐减少.试验以低汞高有机肥处理对土壤汞的有效态的减少效果最佳.     

贵州矿区放线菌多样性及对汞的抗性

为探明贵州喀斯特重金属污染区域土壤放线菌多样性特征以及为其污染修复应用奠定基础,从贵州铜仁地区的25份土壤样品中,采用梯度稀释涂布法,利用3种处理方式、7种培养基分离放线菌;通过形态特征、16SrDNA基因序列分析结合生理生化特征鉴定放线菌;同时筛选重金属汞抗性菌株。结果从土样中共分离出56株典型放线菌菌株,经初步鉴定,分属于链霉菌属、孢囊链霉菌属、高温单孢菌属、线杆菌属、间孢囊菌属、诺卡氏菌属、小单孢菌属;其中链霉菌属放线菌占68%。筛选出了1株对汞有较高抗性(75mg·L~(-1))的放线菌菌株,优良耐受菌株的最大抗性约85 mg·L~(-1),菌株经鉴定为枝链霉菌Streptomyces rameus。共分离出56株,分属于7个属的放线菌菌株;筛选出1株重金属汞高抗菌株,经鉴定为枝链霉菌。