欧美杂交杨Pnd-LRR3基因克隆及其抗锈菌侵染表达

为深入探究欧美杂交杨(Populus nigra×P.deltoides)感病的分子机理,以及抗病基因在发病过程中所起的作用,克隆了欧美杂交杨LRR3蛋白编码基因Pnd-LRR3。对Pnd-LRR3基因进行了生物信息学分析,并对其在抗锈菌过程中的功能进行了研究。Q-PCR结果显示,强致病性的落叶松-杨栅锈菌(Melampsora larici-populina)E4菌株接种6 h,Pnd-LRR3基因表达量上调增幅较大,168 h为显著下调。说明Pnd-LRR3基因在E4侵染过程中起到一定抗性作用,但最终无法阻止锈菌的侵染。     

美洲黑杨无性系对杨叶锈病的抗性研究

研究了美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides)无性系对杨叶锈病(Melampsora larici-populina)的抗性问题.结果表明,供试的美洲黑杨无性系对杨叶锈病的抗性可分为4种类型,即高抗型、抗病型、感病型和高感型.     

23个欧美杨无性系苗期叶锈病抗性测定

以引进23个欧美杨无性系为研究对象,通过对苗木叶锈病感病指数的调查,借助SPSS统计软件对调查数据进行统计分析,结果表明:对叶锈病的抗性表现超过对照品种I108的有19个,其中02-36-1、02-36-4、N177、N197和N195这5个无性系对叶锈病完全免疫;无性系02-34-334对叶锈病表现为高度抗病;02-01-119、324、03-04-111、03-04-97和02-34-278表现为抗病;03-04-141、03-04-170、02-34-347和03-05-184表现为感病;02-01-219、03-04-167、03-04-288和02-34-228表现为高感;对叶锈病的抗性表现不及对照品种I108的有3个,即03-05-206、03-04-171和03-05-156,均表现为高感。     

Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to cell wall components of the flax rust fungus

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against an haustorium-enriched sample prepared from flax leaves infected with the biotrophic flax rust pathogen Melampsora lini. The monoclonal antibodies were produced following conventional and co-immunisation procedures and the range of antibody specificities was compared. The preparation used as immunogen for the conventional protocol was a crude isolate of haustoria consisting of approx. 65% fungal haustoria, the other components being mainly mesophyll cells or cell wall and chloroplast fragments. Following hybridoma production, 40% of positive cell lines produced antibodies that reacted with haustoria and other fungal cells, but 60% bound to plant cells in the infected leaves. For the co-immunisation protocol, the preparation used for immunisation consisted of the crude isolate of haustoria mixed with serum raised against an haustorium-depleted leaf homogenate. In two fusions, 92-94% of the antibodies reacted with fungal cells, including 3 cell lines that localised specifically to the cell wall of haustoria. Only 6-8% of the antibodies produced via co-immunisation reacted with plant cells. The antigens targeted by the three haustorium-specific monoclonal antibodies are incorporated into the wall at early stages of haustorium development, remain in the wall throughout haustorium maturation, and are present in both compatible and incompatible interactions. The epitopes recognised by the monoclonal antibodies are oligosaccharide in nature and the antigens are highly resistant to extraction from the wall. These results highlight the value of the co-immunisation protocol for the production of monoclonal antibodies to specific components in an impure preparation and provide direct evidence for molecular differentiation within the wall of the haustorium of M. lini.     

中国杨树上的栅锈菌

杨树锈病是一类重要的林木病害,因其病原菌的种类较多,且病害症状及病原形态上的差异不够明显,导致栅锈菌种类鉴定混乱和病原准确认知困难。在分析国内外栅锈菌分类学历史与现状的基础上,从杨树栅锈菌的形态学及系统学2个方面对中国杨树上的栅锈菌种类进行整理,并详细阐述8种栅锈菌在寄主及转主寄主、繁殖体及孢子形态上的差异,编制中国杨树栅锈菌的分种检索表,以期加深对该病原菌的科学认知。     

Present status of genetics of rust resistance in flax

Summary Present knowledge of host genes conferring resistance to rust in flax and their genetics are reviewed. There are at least 34 genes conferring resistance to rust occurring in seven groups, namely, K, L, M, N, P, D and Q. Expression of these host genes is affected by temperature, genetic background and by the inhibitor gene present in certain rust strains. Recombination analysis indicates that genes within each of the M and N groups are probably closely linked and that of the L group are genetically complex. When testcross progeny between two genes of the L group were screened, susceptible and modified recombinants were recovered. Some of these susceptible recombinants yielded rare resistant revertants in their progeny. Mechanism of such reversion is not defined but appears to follow a definite pattern. It is also indicated that some of the recombinants represent new specificity. A molecular approach of cloning host genes in flax is described.     

杨树栅锈菌Melampsora spp的数量分类研究

栅锈菌种Melampsora spp.的分类过去主要根据其寄主、转主寄主范围及冬孢子形态特征;但用这个原则对杨树上栅锈菌分类是很困难的。因为:1.冬孢子的相似性,大部分杨树栅锈菌的冬孢子在形态上区别不显著;2.多寄主性;3.交叉发生性;一种杨树甚至同一棵树上能同时有两种栅锈菌存在;4.缺转主寄主性;即有些杨树栅锈菌不经转主寄主而完成生活史;5.强制接种可以使非寄主植物发病。由于分类中遇到的上述困难,使杨树栅锈菌的分类转向了夏孢子阶段的性状。Kraa-     

叶锈菌对不同杨树品种叶片木质素的影响

通过对不同抗性的杨树寄主在不同接种时间段的木质素的沉积进行了跟踪。染色后观察发现:在受到落叶松-杨栅锈菌侵染后1～2d不亲和组合叶肉组织中木质素积累就很多,3d后积累比较明显。木质素积累的整个进程基本表现为木质素积累在近免疫、高抗品种较多,感病品种中很少,而免疫品种中无明显变化。     

不同杨树无性系抗杨锈病能力观察

杨树锈病近年来在江苏一些地区发生严重.为了解不同杨树无性系对锈病的抵抗能力,2008年9～10月对江苏省泗洪县境内部分杨树无性系抗锈病能力进行了观察.观察结果表明,‘L35'杨抗病性较强,‘NL-95'和‘NL-895'抗病性中等,‘NL-80351'、‘中林46'、‘NL-107'等发病严重.提出在没有选育出更抗锈病,更适合在江苏北部地区种植的杨树新无性系以前.种植‘L35'、‘NL-95'和‘NL-895'是解决杨树锈病较好的办法.     

罗布麻锈病病原菌鉴定

2011—2014年新疆阿勒泰地区罗布麻Apocynum venetum种植田普遍发生锈病,为明确引起罗布麻锈病的病原菌,通过研究其致病性、形态学特征以及寄主范围,并结合r DNA-ITS和28S r DNA D1/D2区段的序列分析对病原菌进行了鉴定。结果表明,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,引起罗布麻锈病的病原菌为罗布麻栅锈菌Melampsora apocyni,可侵染罗布麻叶片、枝条和果实,造成大量叶片枯黄凋落,病害严重时可导致植株死亡。罗布麻锈病5月中、下旬开始发病,7月下旬至8月中旬为发病高峰期,病害发生期可持续至罗布麻生长季结束,该病害引起的病田率、病株率和病叶率最高均可达100%。寄主范围测定表明,该病原菌不仅可侵染罗布麻,也可侵染白麻Poacynum pictum和大叶白麻P.hendersonii,且在白麻和大叶白麻上的发病率分别为83%和99%,均高于罗布麻,表明白麻可作为罗布麻栅锈菌的新寄主。