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Gani Oladejo Kolawole 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):423-434
The effects of cultivating and incorporating residues of previous tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides) and soybean (Glycine max) with application of NPK fertilizer on yam performance were evaluated at the teaching and research farm, LAUTECH, Nigeria. There were nine treatments: incorporation of legume residues (5 t DM ha?1), application of recommended fertilizer rate for yam (90–50–75 kg NPK ha?1) in the zone or 50% of recommended rate (45–25–37.5 kg NPK ha?1), alone and in combination with residues and a control without residues or fertilizer in a randomized complete block design. Cultivation of previous legumes reduced soil nematode population (>200%) compared with no legumes. For both years, application of Pueraria residues improved tuber yield by an average of 15.8% compared with control. Fertilizer application enhanced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization of yam roots but AM colonization was lower (~50%) in plots where Pueraria residues were incorporated compared with other plots. Combined application of plant residues with fertilizer improved soil organic carbon, total N, exchangeable Ca and Mg compared with application of NPK fertilizer. From these results, it is concluded that half of the recommended NPK rate may be adequate and incorporation of residues with reduced NPK fertilizer application may be a sustainable soil fertility management option for continuous yam production. 相似文献
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The aptitude of leafcutter bees to pollinate male sterile soybean plants (ms2 gene) in caged plots was evaluated in four experiments from both quantitative and qualitative points of view. The m.s. plant seed set was satisfactory: on average, it represented 60% of the male fertile isogenic seed set (with a range between 44 and 69%). The lower yield of m.s. plants was linked with a smaller number of fertile reproductive nodes. The efficient pollen flow was observed over the flowering period with both morphological and electrophoretic markers. Insect behaviour was not influenced by flower colour. Differences between flowering duration of pollen donors appear to be the major factor inducing unbalanced populations. The interest of this technique as a tool for dynamic management of the genetic variation in populations or for hybrid seed production is discussed. 相似文献
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B. O. Odu J. d'A. Hughes † R. Asiedu N. Q. Ng S. A. Shoyinka O. A. Oladiran 《Plant pathology》2004,53(2):141-147
The responses of 24 white yam ( Dioscorea rotundata ) cultivars to mechanical and vector transmission with each of three viruses infecting yams were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and symptom development. The viruses were Dioscorea alata virus (DAV), genus Potyvirus ; Dioscorea alata bacilliform virus (DaBV), genus Badnavirus ; and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), genus Cucumovirus . Only TDr 95-128, a landrace cultivar from Nigeria, developed symptoms of infection with CMV and DaBV following mechanical and vector transmission, respectively. PAS-ELISA showed that nine genotypes remained uninfected by DAV and 11 were uninfected by CMV or DaBV. Genotypes TDr 747 and TDr 1640 both showed resistance to all three viruses. 相似文献
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Yacouba Bakayoko Amani M. Kouakou Abou B. Kouassi Rose-Marie Gomez Konan E. B. Dibi Brice S. Essis Boni N’Zué Patrick Adebola Assanvon S.-P. N’Guetta Marie Umber 《Plant pathology》2021,70(6):1486-1495
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major staple food whose production is hampered by viral diseases. However, the prevalence, diversity, transmission, and impact of yam-infecting viruses remain poorly documented. This study reports on the symptomatology, prevalence, and molecular diversity of eight viruses in 38 D. rotundata accessions from a germplasm collection and 206 F1 hybrid progenies maintained in Côte d'Ivoire. Mean severity scores as assessed from leaf symptoms ranged from 2 to 4 in the germplasm collection and from 1 to 3 in F1 hybrids, respectively. Dioscorea mosaic-associated virus (DMaV), potexviruses, and yam mosaic virus (YMV) were detected by PCR-based diagnosis tools in single and mixed infections in both the D. rotundata collection and F1 progenies, whereas badnaviruses were detected only in the germplasm collection. In contrast, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), yam macluraviruses, yam asymptomatic virus 1 (YaV1), and yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) could not be detected. No correlation could be established between severity scores and indexing results. Phylogenetic analysis performed on partial viral sequences amplified from infected samples unveiled the presence of two putative novel viral species belonging to genera Badnavirus and Potexvirus and provided evidence for plant-to-plant transmission of YMV, DMaV, and yam potexviruses. 相似文献
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苜蓿切叶蜂(Megachile rotundata F.)雄蜂对大豆不育系结实率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
报道了苜蓿切叶蜂雄蜂在网室内对大豆不育系授粉的效果。结果表明,尽管雄蜂的传粉效率显著低于雌蜂,但雄蜂在网室内的传粉效果还是非常显著的。释放雄蜂网室内大豆不育系JLCMS8A和JLCMS17A的平均单株结荚数和粒数分别为10.3个、16.6粒和37.8个、84.3粒,分别是释放雌蜂后结荚率和结实率的35.0%、34.9%和77.5%、70.2%。过去数年的研究结果表明,所有不育系在网室内没有传粉昆虫时,结荚率和结实率均低于3%,表明苜蓿切叶蜂雄蜂在网室内是大豆不育系有效的传粉昆虫。 相似文献
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报道了苜蓿切叶蜂雄蜂在网室内对大豆不育系授粉的效果.结果表明,尽管雄蜂的传粉效率显著低于雌蜂,但雄蜂在网室内的传粉效果还是非常显著的.释放雄蜂网室内大豆不育系JLCMS8A和JLCMS17A的平均单株结荚数和粒数分别为10.3个、16.6粒和37.8个、84.3粒,分别是释放雌蜂后结荚率和结实率的35.0%、34.9%和77.5%、70.2%.过去数年的研究结果表明,所有不育系在网室内没有传粉昆虫时,结荚率和结实率均低于3%,表明苜蓿切叶蜂雄蜂在网室内是大豆不育系有效的传粉昆虫. 相似文献