梅州市五华县石灰岩矿区土壤铅污染现状研究及改良对策

对梅州市五华县几个石灰岩矿区周边土壤中铅含量进行了测定，结果表明，污染土壤的铅含量远远超出了国家土壤环境质量三级标准（对土壤生态环境产生影响的最低浓度值），对生态产生影响。根据内梅罗污染指数评定得出，矿区土壤铅污染达到重污染的程度。提出了减轻铅污染对生态环境危害的控制污染源措施和改良对策。     

加快推进现代农业发展的对策探讨

介绍了现代农业的基本内涵及其历史必然性,提出了现代农业发展中存在的问题,分析了发展现代农业的对策,认为发展现代农业是社会主义新农村建设的首要任务,是实现农业可持续发展的必由之路。     

职业教育要为新农村建设服务

推进新农村建设,必须培养大量农村实用型人才和技能型人才,普及农业先进实用技术,大力提高农民思想道德和科学文化素质,转移大量的农村剩余劳动力。文中首先分析了当前职业教育亟需解决的问题,接着提出了职业教育为“三农”服务,必须进行的几项改革,最后则提出了“职业教育为‘三农’服务要注重提高和转化并举”的措施。     

Quantification of the transmission of classical swine fever virus between herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in The Netherlands

In this study, we describe a method to quantify the transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) between herds from data collected during the 1997–1998 epidemic in the Netherlands. From the contacts between infected herds and the serological findings shortly before depopulation, we estimated the week of virus introduction and the length of the period over which the herd emitted virus for each CSFV-infected herd. From these data, we estimated the infection-rate parameter β (the average number of herds infected by one infectious herd during one week) and the herd reproduction ratio, R_h (the average total number of secondary outbreaks caused by one infectious herd, i.e. in its entire infectious period), using a SIR-model for different sets of CSF control measures. When R_h > 1, an epidemic continues to grow. On the other hand, when R_h < 1 an epidemic will fade out.

During the phase before the first outbreak was diagnosed and no specific measures had been implemented, β was estimated at 1.09 and R_h at 6.8. In the subsequent phase infected herds were depopulated, movement restrictions were implemented, infected herds were traced forward and backward and the herds in the protection and surveillance zones were clinically inspected by the veterinary authorities (regional screening). This set of measures significantly reduced β to 0.38. However, R_h was 1.3 and thus still >1. Consequently, the number of outbreaks continued to grow. After a number of additional measures were implemented, the value of R_h was reduced to 0.5 and the epidemic came to an end. These measures included pre-emptive slaughter of herds that had been in contact with infected herds or were located near an infected herd, increased hygienic procedures, replacement of transports of pigs for welfare reasons by killing of young piglets and a breeding ban, and regional screening for CSF-infected herds by local veterinary practitioners.     

山西旱作节水农业现状及其发展战略

为有效提升山西旱作节水农业水平,提高山西旱作节水农业对山西农业的贡献,以制约山西农业发展的山西旱作节水农业为研究背景,分析了目前山西旱作节水农业所涉及的农艺节水、农业机械装备领域的现状及存在的问题,明确了制约山西旱作节水农业发展的主要瓶颈,提出了山西旱作节水农业进一步发展的战略措施。对山西旱作节水农业、山西农业未来发展具有重要的意义。     

从可持续发展浅谈森林保护与利用对策——以森林生物多样性保护与病虫害控制为例

通过分析森林生物多样性与森林病虫害的现状及其对森林可持续发展的意义,提出了提高意识、加强管理,依靠科技手段保护生物多样性和防治病虫害等措施建议,以期可持续发展森林保护与利用。     

农艺措施对‘翠碧1号’烟叶中NNK的影响

为给低NNK烟叶的选育提供线索,通过大田试验,研究肥料种类、打顶处理、覆盖方式、采收成熟度和烘烤方式5种农艺措施对‘翠碧1号’烟叶中NNK的影响。结果表明:施加鸡粪的烟叶NNK含量较低;合适的打顶方式可以一定程度降低烟叶中NNK含量;前期覆膜方式下烟株各部位烟叶NNK含量最低;提高采收成熟度可降低烟碱和NNK;常规烘烤方式烟叶NNK含量较散叶烘烤方式低。     

张家川县天然林保护工程区森林抚育成效及措施

根据甘肃省张家川县天然林保护工程区森林资源现状,分析了天然林保护工程区存在的问题,提出了天然林保护工程区森林抚育措施。     

西安市热岛效应的反演研究

[目的]对西安市热岛效应进行反演。[方法]利用不同时相美国Landsat-7的ETM+和TM卫星数据,分析了不同时相西安市城市热岛效应的空间分布特征及变化趋势,并提出适合西安市的热岛效应防治措施。[结果]西安城市热岛现象十分明显,城区的地面温度明显高于周边郊区的温度,形成岛屿状的高温区域,界线清晰可辨。随着城市的扩建,西安市城市热岛效应范围也逐渐增大,主要表现为南北向的扩大。另外蓝田区的热岛效应越来越突出,应引起重视。建议通过提高城市绿化、合理规划城市建筑、减少人为热的排放量、预防和治理大气污染等措施,有效防治西安市热岛效应。[结论]该研究为西安市热岛效应的防治和生态环境的改善提供了理论依据。     

盐城市暴雨特征分析及防涝减灾措施

利用盐城市1981-2018年逐月降水量和暴雨日数资料,使用一元线性回归法和5年滑动平均法,对盐城市暴雨特征进行分析,并给出了几点防涝减灾措施,以降低暴雨洪涝灾害造成的损失。