立足优势突出特色——对建立河西学院文库的实践与思考

立足河西学院人才与资源优势,从实际出发阐述了建立学校文库的意义和作用,并提出了建立文库的几点建议和措施。     

京郊边际土地纤维素类能源草规模化种植与管理技术

为探索能源植物在北京及周边地区的发展潜力,在京郊挖沙废弃地、荒滩地、撂荒地、污染农田4种边际土地上开展了柳枝稷、荻、芦竹和杂交狼尾草4种纤维素类能源草的规模化种植。在此基础上,总结提出了京郊边际土地纤维素类能源草规模化种植与管理技术,为基于边际土地发展京郊生物质原料生产与生物质能源产业奠定了良好的技术基础。     

Environmental performances of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) cultivated in fertile and marginal lands: A case study in the Mediterranean

Perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs) tend to have a high yield combined with a low environmental impact. Cultivation in marginal or poorly cultivated land is recommended in order not to compromise food security and to overcome land use controversies. However, the environmental impacts of using different types of soil are still unclear. We thus assessed the environmental impact of two giant reed (GR) systems cultivated in a fertile soil (FS) and in a marginal soil (MS) through a cradle-to-plant gate LCA. We analyzed energy balance, GHG emissions (including LUC, not including iLUC), and the main impacts on air, water and soil quality. In both systems the annualized soil carbon sequestration was more than twofold the total GHG emitted, equal to −6464 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in FS and −5757 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in MS. Overall, soil characteristics affected not only GR yield level, but also its environmental impact, which seems to be higher in the MS system both on a hectare and tonne basis. The production of GR biomass in marginal soil could thus lead to higher environmental impacts and a more extensive land requirement.     

玉米氮磷最佳施肥比例与报酬递减律研究

采用氮磷施肥比例试验与最佳氮磷比例条件下施肥量试验相结合的设计方法,对平衡土壤养分类型和不平衡土壤养分类型玉米的边际产量变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,2种养分类型的土壤种植玉米,在最佳氮磷施肥比例与最大施肥量条件下,玉米边际产量基本为一常数;超过最大施肥量后,玉米的边际产量显著降低,不同年份和不同区域平衡与不平衡土壤养分类型种植玉米均具有同样的规律,并非经典理论所表述的随着施肥剂量的增加呈递减规律。     

内源IAA对杂交稻强、弱势粒灌浆增重的影响

以超级杂交稻协优9308和杂交稻协优9312、Ⅱ优162及其相应恢复系为材料,对灌浆初期籽粒中内源IAA、糖分的变化,以及IAA抑制剂对IAA以及3H 标记葡萄糖吸收分配和籽粒灌浆的影响进行了研究。结果表明在籽粒灌浆初期强势粒的IAA含量以及增重的速度始终高于弱势粒。在开花受精7 d以前,强势粒中果糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖的含量高于弱势粒,之后相反。强、弱势粒间存在的这种灌浆势差异,杂交组合大于其相应的恢复系。IAA合成及运输抑制剂明显降低3H 葡萄糖在籽粒中的分配。外源IAA对幼穗的处理,缩小了强、弱势粒间结实率的差异,使整穗的结实率也有所提高。     

Allocating the costs of multi-purpose water resource development: a case study of Chi-Chi Weir in Taiwan

Most multi-purpose water resources have been planned and constructed by governments in Taiwan to meet the water demands of different users. However, economic and solvency differences among parties using water create conflicts regarding the reasonable and equitable allocation of investment and operational costs. The Chi-Chi Weir in Nantou County, which was completed in 2002, meets the high water demand of residents and the needs of industrial growth in central Taiwan. Thus, multi-purpose water reservoirs are designed to serve agriculture, the public and industry. Three analytical methods, the quantity-based method, marginal cost method, and separable cost remaining benefit method (SCRB), are employed to compare the cost allocation for different parties using water. The quantity-based method indicates that proportional costs allocated to agriculture, the public, industry and new irrigated areas are 88.02, 3.63, 7.86, and 0.49%, respectively. Via the marginal cost method, the proportional costs allocated to agriculture, the public, hydropower, industry and new irrigated areas are 68.44, 2.51, 28.71, and 0.34%, respectively. The marginal cost price of water is NT$ 2.97 ton⁻¹; industrial use has the highest price. Based on the SCRB method, the proportional costs allocated to agriculture, the public, hydropower, and new irrigated areas are 18.2, 22.2, 51.8, 4.8, and 2.9%, respectively.     

辽宁省玉米收获机械化现状及发展对策

分析了玉米机械化收获的优越性,总结了辽宁省玉米收获机械化的现状、发展历程及制约因素,并提出了发展对策,以期促进玉米收获机械化水平的提高。     

《欲望号街车》女主角布兰奇的悲剧命运

田纳西.威廉姆斯笔下的女主角布兰奇常常是孤独的、脆弱的、身心畸形的。社会优越感、自命清高和恣意放纵是其悲剧命运之所在。     

黔东南地区特色生态农业发展探析

对黔东南地区特色生态农业发展的优势和主要制约因素进行了剖析,并从良种良法的推广、特色生态农业资源的开发、农产品市场体系的完善、特色生态农业资源的保护、新的农业科技研究和新产品的开发等方面提出了黔东南特色生态农业可持续发展的对策,以期为黔东南地区特色生态农业发展提供一定的理论支撑,实现特色生态农业的可持续性发展。     

转基因植物潜在的生物入侵问题

通过对转基因植物安全性和外来物种的生物入侵问题的研究发现，转基因植物作为自然界中本来不存在的外来物种，由于其自身的生态幅宽、繁殖能力强等竞争优势，可以通过花粉散布、种子扩散和杂交等途径造成外缘基因的逃逸，从而导致其对生态环境及生物多样性产生一定的影响。