米丘林学说对现代资源生物育种的指导价值

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对米丘林学说与摩尔根学说的主要内容、两种学说在中国的传播过程、争论焦点、争论过程、争论内容及教训、米丘林学说的成就、摩尔根遗传学对现代遗传学和育种科学的贡献与风险以及米丘林学说的现代价值等进行了概述,重点概述了它在生物育种方面的应用,以此说明米丘林学说的重要性,为进一步推广应用米丘林学说指导生物育种提供了理论支持。     

Examining the Effect of Billboards in Shaping the Great Wolf Debate of the American West

Large carnivore reintroductions have become commonplace in modern conservation. Despite the benefits of such initiatives, conflict with humans can jeopardize their success. Reintroductions of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in the American West are particularly polarizing, and opposing views are often popularized through visual media. We examined public billboards, both for and against wolves, in eastern Washington State. We used social science concepts—framing, affect, and the psychology of advertising—to assess the billboards’ role in the wolf debate. We analyzed visual imagery, traced frames in newspaper articles, and conducted interviews with local stakeholders. Our results showed that the billboards attracted attention to the issue and increased tension within the debate. However, they were limited in their ability to stimulate engagement due to a discrepancy between their structure and intended impacts. Results suggested the necessity for careful selection of campaign techniques and focused alignment of imagery and frames.     

“三次论战”与李大钊对马克思主义的捍卫

马克思主义是在与各种非马克思主义反复斗争的过程中发展起来的 ,李大钊在“三次论战”中态度坚决、立场鲜明 ,体现了他对马克思主义的坚决捍卫     

Petrarch's Principle: how protected human-made reefs can help the reconstruction of fisheries and marine ecosystems

Petrarch's Principle, named here, is to know things unseen, yet to ignore things seen. We apply the principle to the debate over the appropriate role and utility of human-made reefs (HMRs) in fishery and ecosystem management by reviewing four linked issues that were discussed at the recent 7th International Conference on Artificial Reefs and Related Aquatic Habitats. First, deploying protected HMRs can help to mitigate the depletion of fishery stocks through overharvest and habitat degradation. Secondly, to achieve this objective effectively, it is essential that HMRs are protected as no-take areas, and that, thirdly, HMRs are large, well-planned, evaluated and monitored. Finally, ecosystem modelling and adaptive management responses are necessary to forecast and manage the benefits of HMRs. Moreover, uncertainty about the resolution of the well-rehearsed attraction/production debate may be resolved by ensuring that HMRs are managed as protected no-take areas. And to ensure an unbiased attitude that will aid the clarification of consequences, costs and benefits, we propose a change in terminology, from artificial reefs to human-made reefs.     

转基因水稻食用安全性评价内容与主要争论问题分析

介绍了中国转基因水稻食用安全性评价的政策依据,并以实例为基础介绍了食用安全性评价的主要内容、检测标准:新表达物质毒理学评价、新表达物质致敏性评价、关键营养成份与抗营养因子检测、新表达物质含量(表达量)检测、新表达物质热稳定性和可消化性检测、全食品安全性检测等.针对转基因水稻螟虫不能吃,人是否能吃,是否能长期吃,实质等同性原则是否存在逻辑错误、偏袒大公司等问题进行了分析.对中国转基因水稻的发展前景进行了评论,认为前期需要有一个渐进、积累的过程,但之后将快速覆盖、急剧增长.     

The New Conservation Debate: Ethical foundations, strategic trade-offs, and policy opportunities

The “parks vs. people” debate – i.e., the dispute over whether conservation projects and policies should prioritize biodiversity and landscape protection or poverty alleviation and human livelihood improvement – should be quite familiar to most conservation scientists and policy scholars today. Yet, it is clearly a more expansive debate than the argument over whether a particular conservation project should emphasize biodiversity protection or development: it is also a wider disagreement about the proper value and ethical foundations of biological conservation in the age of sustainability, as well as the wisdom and consequences of making complex trade-offs among rivalrous conservation goals in practice. This essay introduces a special section of Biological Conservation focused on this larger dispute, what we are calling the “New Conservation Debate” to distinguish it from the historical debate in the US between “wise use” conservationists and preservationists at the turn of the 20th century. Articles in this special section explore the normative and ethical dimensions of the debate, as well as more pragmatic considerations relating to trade-off analysis and decision-making in real-world conservation plans and projects that impact both biodiversity and human well-being. Collectively, the papers in this section clarify many of the ethical and strategic divisions in the New Conservation Debate, while also revealing opportunities for reconciliation and principled compromise among advocates of strong nature protection and human welfare in the conservation community.     

中国转基因作物的主要争论问题与解读

本文通过对美国人吃不吃转基因食品、主食能不能吃转基因食品、吃转基因食品是否会被转基因、中国转基因水稻是否会掉进国外专利陷阱、转基因作物是否会危及我国粮食安全等问题的分析,阐明了转基因食品安全性及我国需要发展转基因作物产业的道理,同时对我国发展转基因作物产业的潜在能力进行了分析.     

Bad nature: Newspaper representations of ecosystem disservices

Public perceptions and expectations towards ecosystems are an important part of environmental management and planning. This article focuses on the media representations that disseminate information, create framings and influence public attitudes. More specifically, the focus is on print media representations of ecosystem disservices. Ecosystem disservices are functions or properties of ecosystems that cause negative effects on human well-being or that are perceived as harmful, unpleasant or unwanted. Results from a case study focusing on the Finnish newspaper coverage of ecosystem disservices are presented. The results show that a wide variety of harms and nuisances related to ecosystems are brought up and discussed by the media. Implications for environmental management are discussed. The key claim is that taking into account the full repertoire of media representations of ecosystem functions is vital for preventing, anticipating and solving controversies related to environmental management and planning.     

20世纪90年代大众传媒规约下的“马桥论争”

20世纪90年代中国文坛上充满了论争,但那些看似自由的论争因为大众传媒的介入依旧不能自由地展开。本文仅以当年的“马桥论争”为例,从策划的噱头、失真的陷阱和仓促的表演三个层面,分析大众传媒对文学论争的规约与影响。     

现代性视野下的"科玄论战"

发生于1923年的科学与玄学论战是现代中国思想史上的一次重要事件。从现代性的视野下去考察,可以得出如下认识:论战上是中国知识界对于西方现代化运动发生以来所经历的种种“事变”的一种反思,是就现代化这一世界性进程所引发的“中国问题”而展开的一次哲理对话,同时它也以其对中国哲学发展诸路向的揭示和基本框架的奠定,构成了中国哲学“现代化”过程中的重要一环。