进化水平不同的动物和人血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳图谱的比较研究

应用聚丙烯酸胺垂直板梯度凝胶电泳分析了进化水平不同的17种动物和人血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶.17种动物是鲤鱼、中华大蟾蜍、蝮蛇、罗斯蛋鸡、山鸡、紫貂、银狐、貉、梅花鹿、马鹿、黑白花奶牛、新疆细毛绵羊、猪、马、大耳白兔、昆明小鼠和猴.在同一凝胶板、同一条件下,对这些动物和人血清LDH同工酶谱分析表明,LDH同工酶谱在各类动物之间存在明显差异.进化比较低级的动物(杂交鲤鱼除外),血清LDH同工酶谱带迁移率较小,接近阴极;反之,进化比较高级的动物,同工酶谱带迁移率较大,接近阳极.亲缘关系相近的动物,LDH同工酶谱相似.表明LDH同工酶谱带的差异与动物间的亲缘关系有关.同种不同个体的动物LDH同工酶谱差异不明显,只有杂交鲤鱼个体LDH同工酶谱存在明显差异.     

The Zooplankton of Msikaba Estuary

Stratification is well developed in Msikaba estuary and has a major influence on the distribution of the zooplankton. The oligohaline zooplankton component does not become well established, while marine zooplankton organisms penetrate relatively far up the estuary in the high salinity bottom waters. The euryhaline component becomes relatively well established near the mouth and it would appear that these organisms maintain their position within the estuary by vertical migration between inflowing bottom and outflowing surface waters. Seasonal means of zooplankton biomass were similar and ranged between 16 mg/m⁸ of water during winter and 15 mg/m⁸ during summer.     

CITES附录中哺乳动物注释的使用分析

《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》经过45年的发展和演进,在正文与附录的基础上,形成了决议、决定、注释等相互交织的复杂规则。作为对附录执行的解释和细化,附录注释的功能和作用越来越凸显出来。对附录注释的研究和重视程度不够、理解片面甚至忽略,是大多数缔约方在过往履约工作实践中确实存在的现象。本文系统介绍了公约附录注释体系,初次尝试从6个角度对哺乳动物注释的作用进行了分析,在充分理解的基础上提出履约应重视对CITES附录注释的解读和使用,从而实现适应性管理。     

Alien species of mammals and their impact on natural ecosystems in the biosphere reserves of Russia

The paper analyses the results of a survey of 37 Russian biosphere reserves using questionnaires concerning the presence of alien species of mammals, their pathways of penetration, and their impacts on protected ecosystems. The penetration of alien mammals into terrestrial ecosystems of Russia is extensive, both in places with maximum human environmental impact (inhabited areas and agricultural lands) and in biosphere reserves with minimal human impact. There are 62 mammal species registered as alien in Russian ecosystems and they account for 22% of the terrestrial mammal fauna of Russia. The percentage of alien species in biosphere reserves is 32.6% at most. In most regions, Castor fiber, Ondatra zibethicus, Nyctereutes procyonoides, Canis familiaris, Neovison vison and Sus scrofa are very dangerous, and both Castor fiber and Sus scrofa can have environment‐forming impacts.     

永康市兽类初步调查

永康市共有兽类４７种，隶属７目１７科，其中食肉目４种，翼手目１１种，鳞甲目１种，兔形目１种，啮齿目９种，食肉目１６种，偶蹄目５种。     

Review of mammalogical research in the Guianas of northern South America

Research on mammals in the Guianas of northern South America has had a checkered history. In this review, I summarize the notable contributions to mammalogical study in Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. These studies began in the mid‐18th century with the binomial nomenclature system of scientific classification created by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus, who described 23 species new to science based on holotype specimens from the Guianas. Notwithstanding popular accounts by amateur naturalists visiting this region, over the next 7 decades there was only sporadic taxonomic work done on Guianan mammals primarily by researchers at European museums. The first comprehensive biological exploration took place in the 1840s during a geographic survey of the boundaries of British Guiana. However, it was not until almost half a century later that scientific publications began to regularly document the increasing species diversity in the region, including the prodigious work of Oldfield Thomas at the British Museum of Natural History in London. Another lull in the study of mammals occurred in the mid‐1910s to the early 1960s after which foreign researchers began to rediscover the Guianas and their pristine habitats. This biological renaissance is still ongoing and I give a prospectus on the direction of future research in one of the last frontiers of tropical rainforest. An initiative that would be greatly beneficial is the establishment of a university network in the Guianas with graduate‐based research to develop a cadre of professional experts on biodiversity and evolution as seen in other countries of South America.     

二种投饵方法对中华鼢鼠的灭效试验

采用插洞投饵法和开洞投饵法进行杀灭中华鼢鼠试验,结果表明：插洞法对鼢鼠的洞道破坏少,漏土少,鼢鼠封洞少,灭效高,是防治鼠害的简单易行的有效方法。