陕北枣树主要害虫防治对策

对陕北黄河沿岸枣树害虫的调查发现,原来的常灾性害虫枣尺蠖、枣镰翅小卷蛾、桃小食心虫、枣飞象等继续蔓延成灾,以往被认为次要的虫种如蚱蝉、大球胸象、黑绒金龟及日本蜡蚧等已上升为主要虫种。本文根据上述8种主要害虫的发生危害特点、已有的技术成果及群众的防治经验,结合陕北当前枣树生产的实际提出了相应的防治对策。     

甜菜种质资源数量性状遗传距离差异及其应用的研究

对60份参试材料的5个性状主成分分析结果表明,确定甜菜主成分因子有根产量、含糖量和抗褐斑病性;聚类分析结果,按类群间遗传距离大于类群内遗传距离的原则分为6类.类群间的平均遗传距离(?)~2=16.781,大于该平均遗传距离的类群组合有Ⅰ和Ⅳ,Ⅰ和Ⅴ,Ⅰ和Ⅵ,Ⅱ和Ⅵ,Ⅲ和Ⅴ,Ⅲ和Ⅵ,在上述类群间选择亲本有效.     

Outbreak of anaplasmosis associated with novel genetic variants of Anaplasma marginale in a dairy cattle

During early lactation, dairy cows may present a transient immunosuppressive state and develop anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale. In this study, clinical anaplasmosis in dairy cattle in the Thrace region of Turkey was investigated with respect to within-herd prevalence, vertical transmission, and genetic diversity. In March and September 2015, thirty lactating cows showed primary clinical signs of anaplasmosis, including fever, anaemia, decreased milk yield, anorexia, and laboured breathing. Symptoms disappeared in most cows after administration of long-acting oxytetracycline, but nine of them (30%) died. Following diagnosis based on clinical signs, microscopy and molecular findings, blood samples were collected from apparently healthy lactating cows (n = 184), pregnant heifers (n = 39) and newborn calves (n = 24). DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed for the presence of major surface proteins (MSPs) of A. marginale, followed by sequencing to assess diversity of isolates. Microscopic examination of erythrocytes revealed A. marginale inclusion bodies in symptomatic cows. Examination of thin blood smears showed 3.8% of the lactating, clinically asymptomatic, cows to be infected with A. marginale, while nPCR detected 31.0% positive. A. marginale infection was not detected in pregnant heifers by either method. Congenital infection was found in one calf by nPCR. This is the first report of transplacental transmission of A. marginale in Turkey. The MSP4 sequence analyses showed high genetic diversity among the isolates, presenting 97.6-99.6% homology at the amino acid level. The sequences of MSP1a amplicons revealed genetic diversity providing three new tandem repeats.     

Adjuvant immunotherapy of feline fibrosarcoma with recombinant feline interferon-omega

BACKGROUND: Recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-omega) was tested as a treatment option for cats with fibrosarcoma to assess safety and feasibility. HYPOTHESIS: Treatment with rFeIFN-omega in cats with fibrosarcoma is safe and feasible. ANIMALS: Twenty domestic cats. METHODS: In an open-labeled uncontrolled clinical trial 12 injections of 1 x 10(6) U/kg rFeIFN-omega were administered over a 5-week period: the 1st through 4th injections were given intratumorally, and the 5th through 12th injections were administered subcutaneously at the tumor excision site. Wide surgical excision of the tumors was carried out after the 4th injection and before the 5th injection of rFeIFN-omega. A Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) analysis was conducted. Flow cytometry of fibrosarcoma cells after incubation with rFeIFN-omega and recombinant feline interferon-gamma was performed to assess the biological effect of rFeIFN-omega. RESULTS: Changes in blood cell count, increases in serum aspartate-amino-transferase activity, serum bilirubin concentration, serum creatinine and serum electrolyte concentrations, weight loss, anorexia, increased body temperature, and reduced general condition were observed but were mostly minor (grade 1 and 2) and self limiting. Eosinophilia (P = .025), neutropenia (P = .021), and weight loss (P < .001) were statistically correlated with rFeIFN-omega-treatment (analysis of parameters before treatment and after 3 injections of rFeIFN-omega). Flow cytometry of 5 unrelated feline fibrosarcoma cell lines showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (P = .026) in response to in vitro incubation with rFeIFN-omega, whereas expression of MHC class II molecules was not affected significantly. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: RFeIFN-omega for the treatment of feline fibrosarcoma is safe, well tolerated, and can be easily performed in practice. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, it should be tested in a placebo-controlled trial.     

川西高原苹果主要病害发生规律及综合防治研究

2011-2013年,采用定点观察、实地调查和座谈访问的方式,对川西高原苹果主要病害进行了调查研究。结果表明：苹果腐烂病、苹果早期落叶病、白粉病、霉心病等为害严重。结合其发病规律,提出了综合防治技术措施。     

胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传分析

亚麻酸是胡麻脂肪酸组成的主要成分,也是胡麻品质改良的主要目标。为深入研究胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传规律,基于6个世代遗传群体(P_1、F_1、P_2、B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)、F_(2:3)),采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传模式。结果表明,胡麻亚麻酸含量符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,主基因的加性效应在亚麻酸含量的遗传控制中具有重要贡献;B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)和F_(2:3)世代主基因遗传率分别为33.59%、46.95%和53.92%,多基因遗传率分别为25.60%、19.35%和14.43%;通过群体品质分析,筛选出高亚麻酸材料15份,高含油量材料7份,这些优异材料为胡麻品质育种奠定了良好的基础。     

水稻苗期干物重和叶绿素含量的遗传分析

通过对由杂交稻0201衍生的F7代重组自交系群体(RIL)进行苗期干物重和叶绿素含量的调查,并采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分离分析法,研究该群体干物重和叶绿素含量基因的遗传规律.结果表明,这2个性状均受2对主基因+多基因共同控制,且都以主基因遗传为主.控制干物重性状2对独立的主基因间表现为隐性上位,控制叶绿素含量性状的2对连锁主基因间是显性上位性作用,重组率为0.488 4.     

不同水域中克氏原螯虾主要组织的LDH同工酶分析

[目的]为探究克氏原螯虾的食用安全性以及哈夫病的致病因素等提供检测方法。[方法]以孝感市不同水域中生活的克氏原螯虾为材料,对其主要组织的LDH同工酶进行电泳分析。[结果]2处水域的pH、总磷、总氮和化学需氧量存在差异,2处水域中克氏原螯虾的鳃、心脏和肌肉的LDH同工酶酶谱也存在差异。B水域(流水)中克氏原螯虾的酶带数目比A水域(静水)多。从Ldh-5同工酶染色深浅可以看出,静水虾肝胰腺、心脏和眼球的Ldh-5同工酶活力比流水虾的大,而肌肉和腮则是流水虾的Ldh-5同工酶活力较大。[结论]2处水域克氏原螯虾组织LDH同工酶的差异是由水质差异引起的。     

云南农田土壤常量及微量元素含量的测定研究(英文)

为了对云南农田土壤常量与微量元素进行科学有效地管理,并为农作物合理施肥提供依据,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICPMS)法测定云南14个地方农田土壤常量及微量元素(P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn)的含量,并对土壤中常量及微量元素含量的状况与分布进行了研究。结果表明:云南农田土壤中速效P、K元素处于平衡,速效Ca、Mg亏缺,速效Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn等微量元素盈余。在不同地貌下,土壤常量及微量元素分布有明显的差异,滇中红色高原土壤的速效态微量元素(Fe、Zn、Mn)的含量明显高于滇东喀斯特高原和滇西横断山脉;速效P、K、Ca的含量从西至东有逐渐下降的趋势;而速效Cu的含量则从西到东有逐渐上升的趋势。研究结果对于农田土壤元素测定及农业生产具有一定的参考价值。     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒主衣壳蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为了建立鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒(ISKNV)疫苗抗原含量的ELISA检测方法,制备了3株抗ISKNV主衣壳蛋白(MCP)的单克隆抗体,鉴定了其生物学特性。将大肠杆菌表达的重组MCP纯化复性后,连续3次免疫BALB/c小鼠,然后将免疫小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,经过克隆、筛选,获得3株能稳定分泌抗ISKNV MCP蛋白的单克隆抗体阳性细胞株,分别命名为5F1、3D9和5B4,均为Ig G1亚型。间接ELISA实验表明,3株单抗可特异性识别ISKNV,与鳜弹状病毒、大鲵虹彩病毒等无交叉反应。将5F1株免疫小鼠后制备腹水,以重组MCP和ISKNV细胞培养物上清液为检测抗原,ELISA检测腹水效价分别为1∶51 200和1∶400。间接免疫荧光(IFA)和Western Blotting鉴定结果显示,5F1能够与ISKNV病毒发生特异性反应,并初步确定5F1单抗株制备的腹水用于IFA的使用浓度为1∶200、Western Blotting的使用浓度为1∶1000。结果证实,成功制备了抗ISKNV MCP的单克隆抗体,可特异性识别ISKNV病毒粒子和MCP蛋白,为建立ISKNV疫苗抗原含量检测方法奠定了基础。