Detection of cows with insemination problems using selected classification models

In the present study, the detection of cows with artificial insemination (AI) difficulties using selected statistical and machine learning methods is presented. Cows were divided into two classes: those that conceived after one or two services (“GOOD”) and those that required more than two services per conception (“POOR”). The best performance was exhibited by one of the artificial neural networks (ANN) and the multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) method (AIC, BIC, RMS and accuracy); whereas logistic regression (LR) and classification functions (CF) were of somewhat lower quality. The detection of cows with AI difficulties, performed on the basis of the test set comprising new instances, showed that the ANN and MARS were more precise in comparison with the statistical methods. Sensitivity and specificity were over 85% for the perceptron with two hidden layers (MLP2) and MARS and approximately 80% or lower for LR and CF. From among variables determining the AI category, the average calving interval and cow body condition index were the most important. Other significant variables were lactation number, pregnancy length, sex of calf from previous calving and cow age. The prognoses obtained using ANN and MARS can be used for the appropriate preparation of cows for AI.     

木犀科梣属(Fraxinus)三心皮子房的确证及其系统学意义

木犀科(Oleaceae)属(Fracinus,又称白蜡树属)的一些植物除具有2心皮房外,还具有3心皮子房的变异类型,但在国内外重要的植物分类学和系统学文献中均未承认木犀科和属植物具有3心皮子房。本文对北京和郑州栽植的6种属植物的果实进行了形态、解剖和统计研究,结果表明:(1)某些属植物[青(F.pennsylvanicaMars.var.subintegerrima(Vahl.)Fern.)和美国白蜡树(F.americanaLinn.)]同时存在着两种不同类型的果实:源于2心皮的果实和源于3心皮的果实;(2)源于3心皮的果实少于源于2心皮的果实;(3)源于3心皮的果实3室,柱头3裂,果实有3翅,与2心皮果实(2室、柱状2裂,果实有2翅)明显不同;(4)从果实横切片看:3心皮果实的维管束比2心皮果实的维管束小、细,分布也没有2心皮果实均匀,而且相临维管束常出现合并。上述结果证实了木犀科和属除2心皮子房(2室)外,还具有3心皮子房(3室)的变异类型。     

Modeling Tree Loss Versus Tree Recruitment Processes in SW Iberian Rangelands as Influenced by Topography and Land use and Management

The sustainability of Iberian open wooded rangelands is threatened by recent land use changes and lack of tree recruitment. As trees are key elements of these systems, the characterization of their spatiotemporal trend is essential for the system's management. Our objective is to develop spatial models reflecting the temporal dynamic of trees in terms of recent tree loss and tree gain processes in farms, evaluating the influence on the models of topography and land use and management. Aerial photographs of 1956 and 2009 were compared, analyzing lost and new trees in five dehesas of Extremadura (Spain). Multivariate adaptive regression splines was used to produce the spatial models that characterize the proneness of an area to undergo tree loss or recruitment. Models showed good performances. Although land use and management intensively influenced on tree dynamics, because it depends on topography, models built by considering just the topographic variables showed only slightly lower fitness. Tree recruitment mostly happened in the marginal places with steep slopes, while tree loss occurred in elevated, gently undulated and more intensively used places of the farms. A spatial polarization of both processes has been observed that leads to the lack of replacement of lost trees. The work provides some clues on the design of tree management procedures for dehesas and montados. The implementation of measures to address the degradation processes in dehesas should take into account the spatial arrangement of the areas where tree loss or gain is actually happening or it is likely to occur. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CORINE-based landscape indices weakly correlate with plant species richness in a northern European landscape transect

We present the results of one of the few available tests of how CORINE (CLC2000) is likely to perform as a basis for the calculation of landscape indices, for environmental monitoring over large areas. This paper investigates to what extent landscape structural indices based on this widely used European land cover database can be used to predict plant species richness in a 2,000 km² transect in the northeast of Scotland. We investigate both statistical and map resolution issues by comparing the performance of CORINE-based common landscape indices with the same indices derived from a much more detailed geographic data set. In our case study, only shape-related indices show correlation with species richness, but effect size, important for monitoring, is small. The results highlight the area-specific and map specific nature of the performance of landscape indices for protecting plant diversity. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

无速度传感器矢量控制系统的建模与仿真

根据异步电动机在两相静止α-β坐标系上的数学模型,建立了异步电动机的仿真模型.首先介绍了采用模型参考自适应(MARS)原理对无速度传感器控制系统中转速进行辨识的方法.在此基础上,对无速度传感器矢量控制系统进行了建模与仿真.仿真结果证明该系统具有超调量小、调速范围宽、响应速度快等优点,且模型直观,不用编程,为以后用DSP实现该系统打下了良好基础.