胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传分析

亚麻酸是胡麻脂肪酸组成的主要成分,也是胡麻品质改良的主要目标。为深入研究胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传规律,基于6个世代遗传群体(P_1、F_1、P_2、B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)、F_(2:3)),采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传模式。结果表明,胡麻亚麻酸含量符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,主基因的加性效应在亚麻酸含量的遗传控制中具有重要贡献;B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)和F_(2:3)世代主基因遗传率分别为33.59%、46.95%和53.92%,多基因遗传率分别为25.60%、19.35%和14.43%;通过群体品质分析,筛选出高亚麻酸材料15份,高含油量材料7份,这些优异材料为胡麻品质育种奠定了良好的基础。     

亚麻油粉末油脂制备的研究

以明胶、阿拉伯胶为主要壁材，采用复合凝聚法原理（G-A法），对亚麻油进行微胶囊化，从而制得一种微胶囊化效率高的粉末亚麻油产品。这种粉末油脂流动性好、外观好，是一种理想的保健品。     

核盘菌在亚麻上侵染致病的微观过程

 第1次利用电子显微镜对核盘菌在亚麻叶片上侵染致病的微观过程进行深入细致的观察。结果表明,该菌在侵入叶表面之前可能产生某些酶类物质来软化溶解亚麻叶表面角质层,以帮助该菌对叶表面的侵入。本文还对菌丝和子囊孢子侵染过程的异同进行了比较。     

提高胡麻花药培养中愈伤组织诱导率的关键技术研究

通过对胡麻花药培养与再生体系建立的条件探索，比较不同基因型的花药培养能力的差异．比较不同预处理对花药愈伤组织的诱导率。旨在建立高效的胡麻花药培养再生体系，筛选最佳的基因型，同时可为育种选择提供理想的材料。可为其他作物生物技术育种工作提供可借鏊的经验。     

The critical N dilution curve for linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is different from other C3 species

The objective was to determine the critical N dilution curve of linseed, which is the minimal total N concentration in shoots necessary to produce the maximal shoot dry matter, and to explain possible differences with other C3 species. One main experiment was carried out in 1998/1999 on winter linseed with four levels of fertilizer N. Two plant densities were also studied, the recommended one (600 seeds m⁻²) and the minimum for canopy closure (150 seeds m⁻²), in order to investigate the stability with plant density of the critical N dilution curve. Shoot dry weights (W_S) and shoot N contents expressed in percentage (N_S) were measured for the determination of the critical dilution curve, along with organ N percentages and relative weights. The results of four other experiments were used to validate the critical N dilution curve. Three of these four trials were conducted on winter linseed (one in 1996/1997 and two in 1997/1998) with five levels of fertilizer N, and one on spring linseed in 1999 with six levels of fertilizer N.

The critical N dilution curve of linseed was different from those of other C3 species. The curve was steeper, indicating a greater decrease in the critical shoot N concentration (N_SC) as the critical shoot dry weight (W_SC) increased. This linseed curve determined with the data of the main experiment was relevant when compared to the data of the four other experiments. Organ weight ratios and N concentration of organs were investigated in a fertilizer N treatment resulting in N_S close to the critical N values, N_SC. In this treatment, the decrease in N_S was the result of both a decrease in the N percentage of all organs and a decrease in the leaf weight ratio. The difference between linseed and other C3 species was mainly due to an acceleration of the dilution of N when leaf emission stopped and the flower bud emission began. At this stage of development, the leaf weight ratio of linseed was less than that of wheat, resulting in lower N_S. For a given W_S, no significant differences in N_S, organ N percentages nor organ weight ratios were observed between the two plant densities. This indicates that the difference between linseed and other C3 species could not result from very high plant densities in linseed. Hence, it is concluded that the linseed N accumulation in shoot is different from other C3 species.     

日粮添加豆油和胡麻油对肉牛瘤胃发酵及主要微生物数量的影响

 【目的】评价日粮添加植物油对瘤胃发酵和瘤胃微生物区系的影响。【方法】采用3×3拉丁方设计，用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂交肉牛研究不添加油脂（对照组）、添加4％豆油（豆油组）或4％胡麻油（胡麻油组）对瘤胃pH值、NH3-N浓度、VFA以及瘤胃细菌和原虫的影响。3组日粮精粗比均为35﹕65，每期试验为21d，共3期。【结果】添加油脂对瘤胃内pH值没有影响(P＞0.05)；对照组和胡麻油组瘤胃NH3-N浓度显著高于豆油组(P＜0.05)；与对照组相比，豆油组和胡麻油组显著降低了瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性酸浓度以及总细菌、蛋白分解菌、纤维分解菌及原虫的数量(P＜0.05)，但对乙酸与丙酸比例以及淀粉分解菌数量两个指标组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。对照组、豆油组和胡麻油组纤维分解菌和原虫的数量依次分别为6.79×108、5.71×108、5.92×108；10.67×104、7.11×104、9.56×104 CFU•ml-1；两个加油组显著降低了瘤胃纤维分解菌和原虫数(P＜0.05)。【结论】日粮添加4％豆油和胡麻油对瘤胃发酵及主要微生物都有一定的抑制效应，但二者抑制效应大小无显著差异。     

甘肃省景泰县胡麻田杂草发生消长规律研究

通过定点调查,研究了甘肃省景泰县胡麻田一年生杂草的发生消长规律。结果表明:胡麻田杂草从4月5日左右开始出苗,至5月12日全部出齐;杂草在4月28日出现1个出苗高峰,杂草的平均株高在胡麻成熟期达到最高;平均鲜重在胡麻盛花期达到最高。野燕麦的平均株高在胡麻成熟期达到最高,平均鲜重在胡麻盛花期达到最高;藜的平均株高和鲜重在胡麻成熟期达到最高。5月5～12日是防除胡麻田一年生杂草的适宜时期;防除野燕麦的最佳施药时期是4月28日～5月5日;防除藜的最佳施药时期是5月12～19日。     

不同干旱胁迫对胡麻种子萌发特性的影响

以胡麻种子为试验材料,渗透剂选用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,探讨了5种干旱胁迫条件(10%、15%、20%、22%、25%m/v)对胡麻种子萌发特性的影响。结果表明,胁迫浓度达到22%时,各品种的发芽势、发芽率、种子萌发指数、种子活力指数均降低,坝亚7号、坝亚12号表现最好,坝亚13号、1062品种表现最差;同一胁迫条件下,不同品种的萌发特性对干旱胁迫的敏感性表现不同,初步分析了不同胡麻品种的抗旱性。     

胡麻产量构成相关性状的通径分析

通过调查测定胡麻13个品系的单株产量及与其相关的主要农艺性状——株高（x1）、工艺长度（X2）、分茎数（X3）、分枝数（X4）、单株果球数（X5）、每果粒数（X6）及单株粒重（Y）7个性状,应用逐个选入自变数的回归方法,得到13个最优多元线形回归方程,再对入选的几个主要性状进行通径分析,明确了提高胡麻单株产量．首先要具有一定的单株果球数、株高和每果粒数。其次,不同的品系对单株粒重起关键作用的性状不同。     

The development and comparison of bio-thermoset plastics from epoxidized plant oils

This study investigates the development of thermoset plastics from plant-based oils (e.g., linseed, soybean, cottonseed, oilseed radish, and peanut oils) using an optimal process of solvent-free epoxidation. The epoxidation of plant oils can be accomplished economically by reacting the double bonds of fatty-acids with hydrogen peroxide. During the solvent-free process catalyzed by the ion-exchange resin, we observed that the influence of several variables was important: the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation, acetic acid to unsaturation, and temperature. The epoxidation of plant oils was determined from the liquid mixture and the composite matrix by thermal and spectroscopic analyses. Compounds with a higher double-bond (iodine) value showed higher oxirane oxygen percent and selectivity, and a higher hydroxyl value because of a greater possibility of attack by solutions causing side reactions. Lower iodine values indicated fewer epoxy groups and selectivity, and a lower hydroxyl value. Benzyl pyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) yielded good thermal curing properties; as little as 1% added to the plastics produced light-weight composites. Epoxidized linseed oil promises the highest modulus and impact resistance due to the largest number of double bonds to contribute more epoxy groups and the large proportion of linolenic acids to produce epoxy groups rapidly.