核桃植株挥发性气体化学成分分析

对植物活体采用动态顶空套袋采集法以及热脱附、GC-MS等措施,成功地采集和分析了核桃在自然状态下的气体挥发物成分,共确定出47种化合物,占总检出量的98.6%,其中主要成分(依据相对含量)为萜烯类(79.23%)、烃类(8.85%)、和酯(7.47%)类化合物。其中主要成分中包括了柠檬烯这种具有化感潜力的物质,因此核桃气体挥发物也具有化感作用潜力。     

改良石蜡切片法观察金针菇子实体不同发育时期组织结构

运用改良石蜡切片法制备了金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)子实体不同发育时期的切片,观察其菌褶和菌柄的细胞结构。结果表明,以柠檬烯为透明剂,金针菇子实体组织结构清晰、完整、无皱缩。观察不同发育时期的金针菇子实体组织切片发现,金针菇原基内部有呈菌丝无规则扭结状态的菌盖结构,随着子实体不断发育,菌盖下端有菌褶结构分化,随后菌柄结构随菌盖发育而进一步分化,菌柄组织细胞状纵向紧密排列,横切面有维管束状细胞呈外紧密内疏松状排列且其间有孔洞出现,菌褶菌髓部呈菌丝与球泡状细胞共同存在的异型分布结构。     

小蓬草鲜花和鲜叶提取物中挥发性组分比较分析

用正己烷分别提取小蓬草(Conyza canadensis)鲜花和鲜叶,提取得率分别为0.0043和0.0124.利用气质联用仪(GC-MS)对小蓬草鲜花和鲜叶正己烷提取物挥发性组分进行了分析,结果表明二者主要挥发性组分是萜烯类化合物,其中,柠檬烯质量分数最高,分别为0.4764和0.4060.鲜花正己烷提取物中还含有顺-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-辛三烯(罗勒烯),而鲜叶正己烷提取物未检测出罗勒烯.对植物具有化感作用柠檬烯的存在,使小蓬草开发为高附加值的环境友好型除草剂成为可能.     

薄荷属植物分子生物学研究进展

从薄荷属植物挥发油合成途径相关酶基因、柠檬烯合酶基因和分子进化等方面对薄荷属植物的分子生物学研究进行了综述。     

化学气相沉积法修饰13X分子筛上α－蒎烯的异构化反应

用经化学气相沉积法（ＣＶＤ）修饰的一系列１３Ｘ分子筛催化ａ－蒎烯的异构化反应。发现随着ＣＶＤ处理时间的增加，ＳｉＯ＿２沉积量增加，烯的选择性提高。     

Water deficit effects on caraway (Carum carvi L.) growth, essential oil and fatty acid composition

The Mediterranean region suffers of drought which affects plant behaviour regarding biochemical responses. Accordingly, the effects of water deficit on growth, essential oil and fatty acid composition of caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds were investigated. Plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control, moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. Plant growth (height, fresh and dry matter weight) was significantly reduced by severe water deficit. This last caused also important reductions of the seed yield and yield components. Drought decreased significantly seed total fatty acid contents and particularly the petroselinic ones whose proportions decreased significantly by 12.17 and 18.47%, in comparison with the control, under moderate water deficit and severe water deficit, respectively. Besides, moderate water deficit increased the essential oil yield (expressed as g/100 g on the basis of dry matter weight). The main essential oil constituents were carvone and limonene which showed an increasing of their contents under water deficit levels. Thus, water deficit induced a significant reduction in growth parameters and fatty acid content, and an increase in the essential oil compounds. These bioactive compounds have been required in many industrial products.     

The role of the monoterpene composition inPinus spp. needles, in host selection by the pine processionary caterpillar,Thaumetopoea pityocampa

This paper presents preliminary results on attempts to extract and characterize the volatile secondary metabolites contained in needles of differentPinus species and to ascertain the role played by these substances on the behavior ofThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis et Schiffermüller) females, which show a marked preference, during the oviposition period, for some indigenous and exotic species of host plants existing in mixed formation. Limonene is the most abundant monoterpene extracted fromP. pinea needles, the least favored species of pine processionary caterpillar (PPC) females, although it is present in only very low amounts in otherPinus species. An increase was observed in limonene production byP. pinea at the start of the flight period of the PPC adult, and subsequently at the beginning of the females’ oviposition period. Assays carried out in two pine stands in central Italy showed that limonene, emulsified with water and sprayed on foliage of four different pine species plants,P. sylvestris, P. nigra, P. pinaster andP. radiata, during the PPC oviposition period, provided a satisfactory degree of protection. In fact, the number of egg clusters collected from treated plants was often lower than the number of egg clusters collected from control plants and was comparable to the number of egg clusters laid onP. pinea plants. In particular (R)-(+)-limonene, although not produced in nature by pines, was the most effective deterrent. However, the effect of (S)-(-)-limonene, the enantiomer biosynthesized by pines, was also adequate.     

苧烯一步法合成香芹酮的研究

以钴盐为催化剂，烯氧化一步法合成香芹酮。探讨了催化剂体系、用量、反应温度、反应时间等对香芹酮得率的影响，确定了适宜的工艺条件。     

臭冷杉(Abies nephrolepis Maxim.)枝皮精油化学成分研究

应用毛细管气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用技术和标准样添加法,分析了臭冷杉枝皮精油的化学成分。从分离出的50多个色谱峰中鉴定了21个成份,占精油总量的98.01％。其中主要成分为檀烯(1.6636％)、α-蒎烯(14.5519％)、莰烯(9.3148％)、β-蒎烯(4.6190％)、β-月桂烯(1.0595％)、环化小茴香烯(7.7254％)、柠檬烯(40.1202％)、芳樟醇(1.2928％)、乙酸龙脑酯(9.7286％)、乙酸萜品酯(1.4200％)、α-葎草烯(1.2137％)、α-红没药醇(0.9025％)。