水杨酸对盐胁迫下豇豆幼苗生长发育的影响

在300 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫条件下,研究了水杨酸对豇豆[Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp]幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,经水杨酸处理的豇豆幼苗株高、茎粗明显提高,促进了幼苗的形态构建。并且幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照,丙二醛含量和电解质渗透率显著或明显降低;水杨酸在适宜的施用浓度范围内能够缓解豇豆幼苗的盐害症状,提高抗盐能力,对豇豆幼苗的生长有一定的促进作用,当水杨酸的处理浓度为100~150 mg/L时,作用效果最明显。     

葶苈子药材生态适宜性区划研究

对全国葶苈子药材的生态适宜性开展评价,为优质葶苈子药材的栽培与选育提供理论依据。通过网络资料查阅和实地采集,收集了葶苈子药材共839个样点信息,其中播娘蒿430个样点,独行菜409个样点,综合55个生态因子,应用GIS和Maxent模型分析葶苈子药材在全国的生态适宜性分布。建立的Maxent模型预测效果良好(训练集和验证集特征曲线下面积均大于0.9),影响全国葶苈子药材生态适宜性的主要环境因子是降雨、温度、海拔、酸碱度、植被类型、土壤亚类等;全国内中药葶苈子最适宜生境主要集中在河北、河南、山西、山东、陕西、宁夏、甘肃南部、四川西部等地。对葶苈子分布区进行了生长等级划分,为葶苈子药材资源的调查研究、人工种植、划分优质产地、资源调查提供理论依据。     

马卡丛生芽培养条件优化及玻璃化控制研究

优化了南美产十字花科植物马卡丛生芽诱导和继代过程中的培养条件,使玻璃化现象得到了控制,提高了丛生芽的存活率。优化后的丛生芽诱导条件为:MS(pH 5.85~5.90)附加1~2 mg/L 6-BA,0.25 mg/L NAA,蔗糖30~35 g/L,琼脂6 g/L,诱导温度20~25℃,光照强度24μmol/(m2.s),光照时间16 h/d;优化后的丛生芽继代条件为:MS(pH 5.85~5.90)附加2 mg/L6-BA,0.25 mg/L NAA,培养温度15℃,光照强度24~41μmol/(m2.s),光照时间16 h/d。     

室外人工种植抱茎独行菜种子破除休眠的初步研究

[目的]初步探索室外种植的抱茎独行菜(Lepidium perfoliatum L.)种子破除休眠的方法,为深入研究其种子粘液质特性和农业栽培、开发抱茎独行菜这种优质牧草提供丰富的物质基础.[方法]以室内种植的抱茎独行菜种子为材料,采用不同化学和物理方法处理其种子,测定其种子的萌发率.[结果](1)4℃、CA<,3>、H<,2>O<,2>单独处理以及GA<,3>与H<,2>O<,2>组合处理均可打破抱茎独行菜种子的休眠;(2)GA<,3>与H<,2>O<,2>共同处理效果最好,其中以500 mg/LGA<,3>处理3 d后15;H<,2>O<,2>处理20 min的种子萌发率最高,可高达94.44;.[结论]推测造成室内种植的抱茎独行菜种子休眠的可能原因是种胚的活力不够,从而使得其种子在萌发过程中不能有效挣脱种皮的机械束缚从而导致休眠.     

Effect of Planting Sequence and Time, and Nitrogen on Maize Legume Intercrop Yield

Productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) legume intercrops is determined by soil, management, and environment. Planting sequence and time and N fertilization are easily controlled management factors but their effects on intercrop yields are not well understood. Maize grown in monoculture or intercropped with polebean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Warp.) was studied for two growing seasons at Morgantown, WV. Crops were seeded in the following sequences: maize before legume, both at the same time, and legume before maize. Planting times were early May or mid June. Nitrogen was applied at 0 or 160 kg ha⁻¹. Maize grain and forage, legume grain and forage, and total forage production were determined on a dry matter basis. Intercropping (average of all treatments) reduced maize grain and forage yields compared to maize in monoculture but had no effect on total forage production. However, total forage production was greatest when the seeding sequence was maize intercropped at the same time or before cowpea. Cowpea never produced grain, but forage production was almost double that of polebean. Maize produced most forage when seeded before the legumes, and the legumes produced most forage when seeded before maize. Early planting increased maize production and decreased legume production. Nitrogen increased maize grain, maize forage, and total forage yields but had not effect on legume forage production. It is concluded that maize/legume intercrops show promise for increasing forage production in temperate areas and more research on planting times and densities, weed control, harvesting and management is needed.     

玛咖不同颜色种子表型性状及活力特性分析

比较分析棕黄色、棕红色和黑色3种颜色玛咖种子的大小、萌发特性、幼苗生长特性和酶活力,探讨3种颜色玛咖种子的表型性状及其与种子活力之间的相关性。结果表明,棕黄色和黑色种子的长、厚、厚宽比、千粒质量、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗苗长、根长、单株鲜质量和干质量、POD活性、脱氢酶活性等性状之间无显著差异,但均显著高于棕红色种子(P<0.05);棕黄色和黑色种子的新鲜不发芽种子数、死种子数和不正常幼苗数均显著低于棕红色种子(P<0.05)。不同颜色玛咖种子的千粒质量与种子的长、厚存在显著正相关(P<0.05),种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均与千粒质量、POD和脱氢酶呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明棕黄色和黑色种子活力高于棕红色种子,萌发能力更强。     

云南玛咖地上部分氨基酸含量的测定

为进一步开发利用玛咖的地上部分资源,通过盐酸水解结合高效液相色谱仪分析,采用模糊隶属函数法对玛咖地上部分的氨基酸进行定性和定量分析。结果表明：玛咖地上部分至少含17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为玛咖地上部分的28．67％。其中,有7种人体必需氨基酸,E／T 达44．68％,E／N 为80．77％。玛咖地上部分人体必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合世界卫生组织食品法典委员会（FAO／WHO）的理想模式标准。玛咖地上部分还含有丰富的味觉氨基酸及特殊药效氨基酸,其中,鲜味氨基酸总量达5．45％,甜味氨基酸含量为4．3％,芳香族氨基酸含量达3．15％,精氨酸含量达2．81％。模糊隶属函数法对玛咖地上部分氨基酸营养价值的综合评价结果为最好,营养及保健价值高,值得开发与利用。     

Non-pathogenic Fusarium strains protect the seedlings of Lepidium sativum from Pythium ultimum

Two root-colonizing Fusarium strains, Ls-F-in-4-1 and Rs-F-in-11, isolated from roots of Brassicaceae plants, induced the resistance in Lepidium sativum seedlings against Pythium ultimum. These strains caused an increase in the content of benzyl isothiocyanate, and of its precursor glucotropaeolin, in the roots of the host plants. The increased isothiocyanate content is one of the factors contributing to the resistance of L. sativum against P. ultimum. To be transformed into the fungitoxic compound benzyl isothiocyanate, glucotropaeolin has to be hydrolyzed by myrosinase, which can be produced either by plants or microorganisms. The Fusarium strain Ls-F-in-4-1 has a myrosinase activity but the strain Rs-F-in-11 has not. These results suggest that both strains are able to trigger the metabolic pathway leading to benzyl isothiocyanate production in the plant. In the case of the myrosinase-negative strain Rs-F-in-11, hydrolyzation into isothiocyanate is only due to the myrosinase activity of the plant, and in the other case, the myrosinase produced by the strain Ls-F-in-11 also would contribute to the production of isothiocyanate. This paper reports a new mode of action of non-pathogenic Fusarium strains in controlling P. ultimum.     

响应面法优化微波提取宽叶独行菜多糖工艺研究

为优化宽叶独行菜(Lepidium latifolium L.)多糖的提取工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,选取粒度、液料比、微波功率和微波时间作为优化因素,根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,进行4因素3水平试验。利用响应面分析方法,建立了宽叶独行菜多糖提取得率的多元二次回归方程,并得到最佳提取工艺条件。试验结果表明,粒度、液料比和微波时间对宽叶独行菜多糖提取得率的影响均为极显著,微波功率表现为显著。当工艺条件为粒度120目、液料比35∶1 m L/g、微波功率400 W、微波时间150 s时,宽叶独行菜多糖的理论最高提取得率为0.434%,验证值为0.429%。     

不同栽培环境下豇豆体内多环芳烃源解析及风险评估

为了探讨不同污染特征环境下栽培的蔬菜体内多环芳烃(PAHs)来源及风险,以豇豆[Vigna unguiculata(Linn.)Walp]为材料,检测大棚(试验基地PAHs污染残留区)和大田(距离机动车通道100 m内)栽培的豇豆体内PAHs含量,采用同分异构体比值法分析了其体内PAHs来源,并用生态效应低中值法和苯并(a)芘毒性等效当量法评估了豇豆体内PAHs污染的生态风险,以人群日均暴露量估算了其潜在人体健康风险。结果表明:在16种优控的PAHs中,大棚豇豆体内含有13种,大田豇豆体内含有6种;大棚豇豆体内的PAHs总含量为253.94μg·kg-1,以2～4环为主,其中3环占总含量的64.47%。大田豇豆体内PAHs总含量为80.60μg·kg-1,芴和菲占总含量的69.69%。大棚和大田豇豆体内的二苯并(a,h)蒽毒性当量分别为43.32μg·kg-1和10.85μg·kg-1,其对总的毒性当量贡献率分别为89.38%和88.57%;大棚和大田豇豆的人群健康风险系数分别为2.07×10-6和6.5×10-7。研究表明:大棚豇豆体内PAHs主要源于人为处理残留的PAHs;大田豇豆体内PAHs主要来源于汽油和生物质燃烧污染。大棚豇豆存在一定的生态风险和健康风险,大田豇豆尚不存在PAHs的生态风险和健康风险,但需重视苯并(k)荧蒽、二苯并(a,h)蒽和茚并(1,2,3-c,d)芘等物质的富集作用。