蛀虫蜡蚧菌的产孢条件优化

蛀虫蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium cauligalbarum是蜡蚧菌属中最近报道的新种,目前对其研究尚属空白。为寻求易于生长的培养基成分,本文通过单因素筛选最佳碳源、氮源、生长因子并进行正交试验优化。筛选的产孢条件（m/v）为：可溶性淀粉1%,酵母粉3%,蚕蛹粉1.5%,基础培养基（氯化钾0.05%,磷酸氢二钾0.1%,七水硫酸镁0.05%,七水硫酸亚铁0.001%）,琼脂1.5%,蒸馏水1000 mL,25℃。优化培养基产孢量是PDA的4.5倍,是沙氏培养基的15.6倍。结果还显示该菌的产孢量受氮源影响较大,并对无机氮利用较低。这些结果将为蛀虫蜡蚧菌的后续研究提供基础资料。     

球孢白僵菌×蜡蚧轮枝孢菌(BV制剂)对松墨天牛幼虫寄生试验初报

用球孢白僵菌(Beauveriabassiana)、蜡蚧轮枝孢菌(Verticilliumlecanii)及2种菌混合物配制成0 5×109～5 0×109孢子/mL,在室内和野外对松墨天牛幼虫进行了防治试验。室内试验结果表明,球孢白僵菌和蜡蚧轮枝孢菌对松墨天牛幼虫均有较强的致病性,2种菌混合使用致病作用倍增。球孢白僵菌对松墨天牛的寄生率为5%～32%,平均20%;蜡蚧轮枝菌的寄生率为2 9%～25%,平均14 9%;2种菌混合物寄生率为12%～76%,平均47 9%。野外试验表明,球孢白僵菌防治效果为50 43%,蜡蚧轮枝孢菌防治效果为38 66%,2菌混合物防治效果为69 69%。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌和缨小蜂对假眼小绿叶蝉的协同控制作用

研究了假眼小绿叶蝉(Empoasca vitis)的寄生蜂缨小蜂(Schizophragma parvulas)和寄生真菌蜡蚧轮枝菌(Lecanicilliam lecanii)单独使用和联合使用时对假眼小绿叶蝉种群的控制作用.结果表明,在单独进行控制时(在一个世代内按每株放雌蜂3头的密度释放缨小蜂,或按5×107孢子/mL施菌2次),对假眼小绿叶蝉种群的控制效果分别达到52.7％和50.9％,但下一代假眼小绿叶蝉种群增长趋势指数仍然高于1,表明单独使用寄生蜂缨小和寄生真菌蜡蚧轮枝菌不能有效控制假眼小绿叶蝉种群的增长;缨小蜂和蜡蚧轮枝菌联合使用,对假眼小绿叶蝉种群的控制效果分别达82.9％和90.8％,且下一代假眼小绿叶蝉种群增长趋势指数低于1,表明下一代假眼小绿叶蝉种群数得到有效控制.     

蜡蚧轮枝菌高产毒素菌株的筛选

通过比较6株蜡蚧轮枝菌(V3450、Vp28、V l6063、V0175、V342和V341)对烟粉虱3龄若虫的毒力和6株菌株代谢浓缩液对烟粉虱1龄若虫的忌避作用和毒杀作用,筛选出高产毒素菌株.结果表明:6株蜡蚧轮枝菌的LC50分别为2.57×105、6.03×105、6.03×105、1.70×106、7.41×106、1.66×107孢子.mL-1,表明菌株V3450、Vp28、V l6063的毒力比另外3株高;6株菌株代谢浓缩液对烟粉虱1龄若虫的忌避率分别为76.40%、78.22%、73.54%、52.7%、40.80%、53.33%,死亡率分别为80.27%、71.90%、66.66%、50.86%、40.57%、46.67%,表明菌株V3450、Vp28、V l6063的产毒能力比另外3株强,由此筛选出V3450、Vp28、V l6063为高产毒素菌株.     

一株产红色素的丝枝蜡蚧霉新菌株

为了对我国西部地区土壤中稀有且重要的真菌资源进行调查,采用经典形态学及分子系统学方法相结合,对获得的菌株进行鉴定。从西藏采集的样品中分离获得一株蜡蚧霉GZUIFR.SP477菌株,其主要特征是:菌落白色,背面鲜红色;分生孢子梗上仅2-3个瓶梗着生,大多数瓶梗直接着生于菌丝上,单生、对生至轮生;瓶梗椭圆形至柱状,(5.5-10)μm×(1.5-1.8)μm;分生孢子卵圆至长椭圆形,(2.5-6.0)μm×(1.8-2.2)μm,呈短链。基于形态学及分子系统学方法相结合鉴定,蜡蚧霉GZUIFR.SP477菌株为我国一新记录种,丝枝蜡蚧霉Lecanicillium aphanocladii ZareW.Gams。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌对南瓜实蝇室内毒力测定

[目的]测定蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株对南瓜实蝇各虫态的室内毒力,为利用蜡蚧轮枝菌进行生物防治提供理论依据.[方法]以南瓜实蝇的幼虫、成虫和蛹为目标昆虫,利用3.0×104、3.0×105、3.0×106、3.0×107、3.0×108个孢子/mL 5个浓度的蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株分生孢子液对其进行室内毒力测定.[结果]蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株在室内对南瓜实蝇幼虫、成虫和蛹具有较强的毒力,其中在3.0×108个孢子/mL浓度下南瓜实蝇各虫态的死亡率均达最高,幼虫的校正死亡率为（80.1 1±1.32）％、LT50为4.513±0.359 d、第9d的LC50为（2.907±0.495）×104个孢子、mL;成虫的校正死亡率为（87.78±1.11）％、LT50为3.585±0.385 d、第9d的LC50为（2.366±0.579）×104个孢子/mL;蛹的校正死亡率为（81.11±2.94）％、LT50为4.152±0.289 d,第9d的LC50为（2.495±0.375）× 104个孢子/mL.[结论]蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株在室内对南瓜实蝇各虫态均有一定毒力,对各虫态毒力大小表现为成虫＞蛹＞幼虫;高浓度的蜡蚧轮枝菌分生孢子液对南瓜实蝇的防治效果优于低浓度的防治效果.     

蜡蚧轮枝菌防治植物病虫害研究进展

蜡蚧轮枝菌在蔬菜病虫害防治中有很大开发潜力。就蜡蚧轮枝菌的致病性、环境条件对其生长的影响、储藏期存活率及在生产中应用的概况的研究进展进行了综述。研究进展表明,该种真菌既可以防治粉虱、蚜虫、蓟马等蔬菜害虫,又可以防治蔬菜的白粉病、锈病等。     

Evaluation of biological control agents for managing cucurbit powdery mildew on greenhouse-grown melon

An evaluation was made of the ability of two mycoparasite-based products AQ10® ( Ampelomyces quisqualis ) and Mycotal® ( Lecanicillium lecanii ), as well as three strains of Bacillus subtilis , to manage powdery mildew disease, caused by Podosphaera fusca on melon seedlings maintained under different regimes of relative humidity and on plants grown under greenhouse conditions in Spain. In every case fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents (BCAs) performed better under conditions of high relative humidity (90–95% RH). In greenhouse experiments, the effectiveness of the mycoparasites to manage powdery mildew was absolutely dependent on mineral oil. The strains of B. subtilis provided disease control similar to that achieved with the mycoparasites or the fungicide azoxystrobin. Microscopic analysis showed the ability of these bacterial strains to efficiently colonize leaf surfaces and revealed the occurrence of antagonistic interactions between biological agents and P. fusca structures. These results confirmed the usefulness of these BCAs for managing powdery mildew on greenhouse-grown cucurbits either as single products or as a component of integrated control programmes.     

Components of Liquid Media on the Production of High Spore Concentrations of Lecanicillium lecanii （Zimm.） Gams and Zare

Two Lecanicillium lecanii isolates, ATCC26854 and V3, were evaluated for spore production in liquid media. Both isolates have interesting known properties for the production of high concentrations of chitinases （ATCC26854）, and an outstanding pathogenic activity against the green cabbage aphid, Brevicorine brassiacae （L.）. The isolates were grown on thirteen different liquid media, which had been used to produce other entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes. Experiments were carried out at 27 -4- 1 ℃ with a 12：12 photoperiod using shake flasks. The production of spores was quantified during a seven days period, and the effects of the media were evaluated by determining spore concentration and morphology. Submerged conidia yields were higher with ATCC26854 than with V3 in all thirteen media, while higher concentrations （5.3×10^9, 4.6 ×10^9 and 3.4 ×10^9 conidia/mL） were found with ATCC26854 isolate in the Camaron, Minerales and Jenkins-Prior medium, respectively; lower yields （2.3 ×10^8, 2.2 ×10^8 and 2.3 ×10^8 conidia/mL） were found with the V3 isolate in Catroux, TKI and Camaron media, respectively. Spore production curves were adjusted to different sigmoid models. The process was better explained by the Richards model （r^2 = 0.99）. Concerning conidia morphology, submerged conidia seemed to look like aerial conidia, but they were different in size （ATCC26854 2.73-6.99 μm and V3 5.28-14.29 μm）; however, the dimensions fall within the ranges reported for L. lecanii. The analysis of shake flask cultures with the Richards model allowed selecting two low-cost liquid medium, Camaron and Jenkins-Prior, for scaling up conidia production for use in aphid biological control programs.     

根结线虫卵寄生真菌蜡蚧菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)产生的几丁质酶活性

卵寄生真菌产生的几丁质酶在卵孵化和寄生过程中发挥重要的作用,也是评价寄生线虫真菌生物防治潜力重要的生化指标之一。利用NAG法和pNP法分别测定蜡蚧菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)CFCC84957和CFCC80920菌系的几丁质降解酶系和外切酶活性,CFCC84957菌系接种4～6d含有0.2%胶体几丁质的培养滤液后,几丁质降解酶系到达活性高峰期,而CFCC80920菌系的培养滤液未检测到几丁质降解酶系。2个菌系的培养滤液从第2d开始均能检测到几丁质外切酶活性,CFCC84957和CFCC80920活性出现的最高峰分别在第12d和6d,但是CF-CC84957的活性值约是CFCC80920的4倍(分别为0.51μmol·h-1·ml-1、0.12μmol·h-1·ml-1)。含有0.01%糖基化几丁质的几丁质酶活性电泳检测到1条分子量为48.2kD的蛋白质谱带。