圆锥梾木种仁油理化性质及脂肪酸成分分析

采用索氏抽提法提取圆锥梾木种仁油,分析了种仁油理化指标,并利用气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对油的脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明:圆锥梾木种仁出油率为7.0%,折光指数为1.4804,相对密度0.98,酸值(KOH)39.46mg/g,皂化值(KOH)175.94mg/g。经GC-MS分析鉴定,圆锥梾木种仁油检出11种脂肪酸成分,检出率99.70%。其中,饱和脂肪酸4种,含量占比为7.51%,不饱和脂肪酸7种,含量占比92.19%,未知成分0.3%。     

白鹃梅可食部分营养成分分析

[目的]分析测定白鹃梅的主要营养成分。[方法]对山野菜白鹃梅的花蕾、嫩叶（带嫩茎）和花等不同可食部位的维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、粗纤维、粗脂肪、硝酸盐的含量进行了分析测定。【结果】白鹃梅维生素c、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量高于常见野菜香椿、荠莱和马齿苋,分别为0．77、50．00、19．03g／kg,可溶性糖含量较低,为27．27g／kg,可溶性蛋白含量适中,为30．63g／kg,其中,白鹃梅花蕾和嫩叶（带嫩茎）的营养成分略高于花。白鹃梅的花蕾、花和嫩叶（带嫩茎）中硝态氮的含量分别为0．0790、0．1086、0．1122g／kg,属1级无公害蔬菜,可放心食用[结论]白鹃梅营养成分丰富,是一种极具开发利用价值的木本观食两用植物。     

The Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Caulerpin,a Bisindole Alkaloid Isolated from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa

The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of caulerpin was investigated. This bisindole alkaloid was isolated from the lipoid extract of Caulerpa racemosa and its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods, including IR and NMR techniques. The pharmacological assays used were the writhing and the hot plate tests, the formalin-induced pain, the capsaicin-induced ear edema and the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Caulerpin was given orally at a concentration of 100 μmol/kg. In the abdominal constriction test caulerpin showed reduction in the acetic acid-induced nociception at 0.0945 μmol (0.0103–1.0984) and for dypirone it was 0.0426 μmol (0.0092–0.1972). In the hot plate test in vivo the inhibition of nociception by caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was also favorable. This result suggests that this compound exhibits a central activity, without changing the motor activity (seen in the rotarod test). Caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) reduced the formalin effects in both phases by 35.4% and 45.6%, respectively. The possible anti-inflammatory activity observed in the second phase in the formalin test of caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was confirmed on the capsaicin-induced ear edema model, where an inhibition of 55.8% was presented. Indeed, it was also observed in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis that caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, reducing significantly the number of recruit cells by 48.3%. Pharmacological studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa.     

5种华南沿海湿地植物对人工含盐污水的生理响应

[目的]研究秋茄等5种华南沿海常见湿地植物对人工含盐污水的生理响应,以期初步筛选可应用于华南沿海湿地修复的植物种类。[方法]在玻璃网室中盆栽拉关木等5种湿地植物幼苗,分别用1倍(NW)、5倍(FW)和10倍(TW)浓度的人工含盐污水进行定期浇灌。通过对受试植物叶片的叶绿素含量、SOD活性、MDA含量和游离脯氨酸含量的测定,比较研究不同植物对水体污染物的生理适应能力。[结果]①秋茄和拉关木对水体污染物的耐受能力最强,在10倍浓度(盐度20‰)的污水中能正常生长;②芦苇和短叶茳芏的耐盐抗污染能力最低,仅能在1倍浓度污水(盐度10‰)中正常生长;③桐花树表现居中,适宜在1倍和5倍浓度污水中生长(盐度为10‰～20‰);④利用模糊数学隶属函数值法对5种植物的抗性进行综合评定,其抗性大小依次为秋茄拉关木桐花树芦苇短叶茳芏。[结论]秋茄和拉关木可作为华南沿海湿地修复的备选植物材料。     

Estimation of the carbon pool in soil and above-ground biomass within mangrove forests in Southeast Mexico using allometric equations

We report the results of carbon stored in soil and aboveground biomass from the most important area of mangroves in Mexico,with dominant vegetation of Red mangrove(Rhizophora mangle L.),Black mangrove(Avicennia germinans L.),white mangrove(Laguncularia racemosa Gaertn.)and button mangrove(Conocarpus erectus L.).We sampled soils with high fertility during the dry season in 2009 and 2010at three sites on Atasta Peninsula,Campeche.We used allometric equations to estimate above ground biomass(AGB)of trees.AGB was higher in C.erectus(253.18±32.17 t·ha-1),lower in A.germinans(161.93±12.63t·ha-1),and intermediate in R.mangle(181.70±16.58 t·ha-1)and L.racemosa(206.07±19.12 t·ha-1).Of the three studied sites,the highest absolute value for AGB was 279.72 t·ha-1in button mangrove forest at any single site.Carbon stored in soil at the three sites ranged from36.80±10.27 to 235.77±66.11 t·ha-1.The Tukey test(p0.05)made for AGB was higher for black mangrove showed significant differences in soil carbon content between black mangrove and button mangrove.C.erectus had higher AGB compared with the other species.A.germinans trees had lower AGB because they grew in hypersaline environments,which reduced their development.C.erectus grew on higher ground where soils were richer in nutrients.AGB tended to be low in areas near the sea and increased with distance from the coast.A.germinans usually grew on recently deposited sediments.We assumed that all sites have the same potential to store carbon in soil,and then we found that there were no significant differences in carbon content between the three samples sites:all sites had potential to store carbon for long periods.Carbon storage at the three sampling sites in the state of Campeche,Mexico,was higher than that reported for other locations.     

总状升麻种子萌发研究

目的:研究总状升麻种子萌发的最佳条件.方法:通过考察温度、湿度、赤霉素(Gibberellic acid,GA3)干预等因素,研究影响种子萌发的因素.结果:种子经低温处理60 d,结合0.1 g/L GA3处理,并在15℃下水培养,可显著提高萌发率.结论:温度、湿度对于总状升麻种子萌发至关重要.控制好萌发条件,可以改变自然条件下总状升麻种子萌发率较低的状况.     

红树植物拉关木的引种效果调查研究

1999年,海南东寨港保护区从墨西哥成功引种拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa),2002年开花结果后,再次引种到广东电白、福建莆田等地,长势良好,均已开花结果,东寨港10年生植株平均高8.9 m。种子千粒重427～476 g,发芽率为90.6%～96.2%;拉关木抗寒性仅次于秋茄,与桐花树、白骨壤相当;抗盐能力明显优于乡土树种,在我国海水盐度为33‰的海滩上造林长势良好。     

Evaluation of Potential Thrombin Inhibitors from the White Mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn.)

The aim of this work was to verify the effects of methanol (MeOH) and hydroalcoholic (HA) extracts and their respective partition phases obtained from white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn.) leaves on human thrombin activity. Among the extracts and phases tested, only the ethyl acetate and butanolic partitions significantly inhibited human thrombin activity and the coagulation of plasma in the presence of this enzyme. Chromatographic analyses of the thrombin samples incubated with these phases revealed that different compounds were able to interact with thrombin. The butanolic phase of the MeOH extract had the most potent inhibitory effects, reducing enzymatic activity and thrombin-induced plasma coagulation. Two glycosylated flavonoids in this partition were identified as the most potent inhibitors of human thrombin activity, namely quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (QAra) and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Qn). Chromatographic analyses of thrombin samples incubated with these flavonoids demonstrated the chemical modification of this enzyme, suggesting that the MeOH extract contained other compounds that both induced structural changes in thrombin and diminished its activity. In this article, we show that despite the near absence of the medical use of mangrove compounds, this plant contains natural compounds with potential therapeutic applications.     

聚果榕非传粉小蜂产卵行为及其食性研究*

 对聚果榕五种非传粉小蜂的产卵行为进行了详细的观察,并对金小蜂Apocrypta westwoodi和长尾小蜂Platyneura agarensis的食性进行了深入研究。聚果榕上的5种非传粉小蜂的产卵顺序依次为,P.testeace,Apocrypta sp.,P.mayri,A.westwoodi,P.agraensis。在榕果的生长发育期内适合P.testeace,P.mayri 和P.agraensis产卵的时间分别约为 6 d,11 d,22 d。Apocrypta sp.和A.westwoodi分别紧随其寄主P.testeace和P.mayri产卵,适合这两种小蜂产卵的时间依次约为 6 d,33 d 。Platyneura属的3种长尾小蜂的产卵姿势比较相似,Apocrypta属的2种金小蜂产卵姿势也是相似的。金小蜂A.westwoodi仅寄生于长尾小蜂P.mayri,并不寄生于传粉榕小蜂Ceratosolen fusciceps。长尾小蜂P.agraensis是传粉榕小蜂的寄生者,并非植食性造瘿者。